TEKNOLOGI REKLAMASI LAHAN BEKAS TAMBANG NIKEL UNTUK MEMPERCEPAT KEBERHASILAN REKLAMASI
Abstrak
Nikel terbentuk melalui pelapukan batuan ultrabasa atau ultramafik yang berasal dari kerak samudra yang teralihkan ke permukaan kerak benua. Proses pembentukan ini memakan waktu jutaan tahun, dimulai ketika batuan ultramafik tersingkap di permukaan bumi. Penambangan nikel memainkan peran penting dalam industri baterai kendaraan listrik dan perekonomian di Indonesia, namun dampaknya terhadap lingkungan sering menghasilkan lahan bekas tambang dengan karakteristik unik yang sulit direklamasi. Lahan bekas tambang sering memiliki rasio Mg/Ca yang lebih tinggi dari satu. Selain itu, tanah di lahan bekas tambang nikel biasanya dangkal dan bersifat hidrofobik, menyebabkan kesulitan dalam menyerap air. Reklamasi lahan bekas tambang menjadi fokus utama untuk mengembalikan meningkatkan daya serap tanah terhadap air dan produktivitas lahan. Dengan pendekatan perbaikan sifat fisika, kimia, dan biologi, teknologi reklamasi mencakup metode pembuatan lubang tanam berukuran 60x60x60 cm, pengomposan bahan organik, dan penggunaan Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) guna meningkatkan daya serap tanah terhadap air. Dalam konteks ini, teknologi reklamasi menjadi kunci untuk mempercepat keberhasilan reklamasi lahan bekas tambang nikel secara berkelanjutan dan mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan sumber daya tambang nikel di Indonesia.
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