POTENSI TUMBUHAN LIAR DI SEMPADAN TERBANGUN SUNGAI CILIWUNG DI KOTA BOGOR SEBAGAI UPAYA RESTORASI EKOSISTEM SUNGAI
Abstract
Tumbuhan liar di sempadan sungai dapat berupa tumbuhan asing/introduksi yang memiliki adaptasi yang tinggi untuk bisa tumbuh dan berkembang lebih cepat sehingga dapat mengganggu tumbuhan lokal. Di ekosistem perkotaan, tumbuhan asing/introduksi sering ditemukan tumbuh di sempadan sungai perkotaan sebagai ekosistem yang terganggu oleh aktivitas manusia. Tumbuhan tersebut mempunyai adaptasi dan ketahanan atau resiliensi untuk tumbuh di habitat yang berubah/terganggu/non-alami, baik akibat manusia atau alam. Pada umumnya, tumbuhan liar di sempadan sungai tersebut kehadirannya tidak dipedulikan. Namun, tumbuhan tersebut dapat bermanfaat bagi ekosistem sungai, diantaranya sebagai input biomasa/energi, fitoremediasi polutan dan filtrasi air sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji spesies tumbuhan liar yang ada di sempadan Sungai Ciliwung yang terbangun oleh tebing batu, semen/beton dan potensinya dalam mendukung restorasi Sungai Ciliwung di Kota Bogor. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode random sampling menggunakan plot untuk mengeksplorasi spesies dan tutupan (coverage) spesies di empat lokasi sempadan sungai perkotaan yang berbeton/semen dan terbangun oleh permukiman penduduk di Sungai Ciliwung, Kota Bogor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tumbuhan liar yang ditemukan di sempadan terbangun Sungai Ciliwung Kota Bogor sebanyak 28 spesies: spesies introduksi/asing sebanyak 21 spesies dan spesies lokal sebanyak 7 spesies. Tiga spesies yang mempunyai tutupan terbesar berturut-turut yaitu Pogonatherum crinitum, Mikania micrantha, Chromolaena odorata. Spesies ini merupakan tanaman liar yang memiliki kemampuan fitoremediasi polutan di air sehingga dapat berfungsi untuk memperbaiki kualitas air dengan adanya pemulihan ekosistem sungai dengan melakukan rekayasa ekologi.
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