STUDI IDENTIFIKASI RELOKASI ATAU REKONSTRUKSI TEMPAT TINGGAL SEBAGAI SEBUAH PILIHAN PENANGANAN PASCA GEMPA CIANJUR 2022 BERBASIS PERSPEKTIF MASYARAKAT
Abstrak
Pada tanggal 21 November 2022 pukul 13:21:10 WIB, telah terjadi Gempa Bumi Cianjur. Episenter gempa berada pada koordinat 6,84 LS–107,05 dan kedalaman 11 km dengan magnitudo (M5,6). Sampai dengan tanggal 28 November 2022, pukul 07.00 WIB, Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Gefosifika (BMKG) telah mencatat 297 gempa susulan dengan magnitudo terbesar M4,2 dan terkecil M1,0. Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) mencatat sebanyak 334 orang meninggal dunia, 1.000 orang cidera, 20 hilang, dan 58.000 orang mengungsi. Pasca gempa, terjadi perubahan kondisi bentangan alam. Berbagai sarana prasarana lingkungan termasuk infrastruktur mengalami kerusakan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari 150 responden diperoleh bahwa 75% responden memiliki rumahnya sendiri. Rata-rata bangunan yang terkena dampak memiliki luasan kurang dari 72 m2, sedangkan jalan utama 56% masih bisa dilalui. Saat terjadi gempa bumi masyarakat tidak mengalami kesulitan dalam pengadaan air minum, dan kondisi persawahan sebagai lahan untuk mencari nafkah, warga hanya mengalami kerusakan sebesar 19% saja. Hasil signifikan lain terkait dengan kerusakan bangunan dan infrastruktur akibat Gempa Bumi Cianjur dirasakan tidak terlalu mengkhawatirkan. Sehingga diperoleh hasil bahwa ketidaksetujuan warga masyarakat terhadap relokasi mencapai 77%. Rekonstruksi dapat dilakukan apabila pada suatu lokasi tertentu di suatu wilayah memiliki ancaman risiko bencana skala kecil, periode ulang tidak terlalu sering, dan tingkat risiko tersebut masih dapat diminimalisir melalui sebuah kebijakan/pembangunan. Ketika pertimbangan nilai kerugian yang akan dirasakan oleh masyarakat jauh lebih besar maka relokasi menjadi alternatif terbaik.
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