STRATEGI KONSERVASI TUMBUHAN HOYA DI BODOGOL, CAGAR BIOSFER TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG GEDE PANGRANGO MELALUI PROMOSI EKOWISATA
Abstract
Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (TNGGP) merupakan salah satu kawasan konservasi in situ di Jawa Barat dan telah ditetapkan sebagai cagar biosfer sejak tahun 1976 karena nilai keanekaragaman hayati dan jasa lingkungannya bagi masyarakat sekitar. Prinsip konservasi yang berkembang saat ini tidak hanya melalui pengawetan jenis namun juga harus bisa mengakomodasi dan mengatur pemanfaatan secara lestari. Keterkaitan dengan posisi TNGGP sebagai kawasan cagar biosfer, diperlukan harmonisasi antara kepentingan konservasi kawasan dan biodiversitas yang terkandung di dalamnya dengan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitarnya. Salah satu masalah yang di hadapi adalah semakin menyempitnya lahan pertanian garapan masyarakat sekitar kawasan karena semakin bertambahnya kegiatan alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi pemukiman atau penggunaan lainnya. Kondisi ini dikhawatirkan akan meningkatkan tingkat gangguan ke dalam kawasan. Oleh karena itu perlu dikembangkan strategi pemanfaatan sumberdaya hayati yang tidak mengganggu keberadaan populasi dan ekosistem di dalam kawasan konservasi, namun dapat membantu mengatasi permasalahan perekonomian masyarakat sekitar kawasan. Salah satu potensi sumberdaya hayati yang terdapat di TNGGP yang dapat dikembangkan adalah tumbuhan dari marga Hoya (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae). Tumbuhan Hoya saat ini semakin populer dimanfaatkan sebagai tanaman hias, di samping memiliki manfaat lainnya, yaitu sebagai sumber bahan obat, sekaligus penyerap polutan/racun dalam ruangan maupun bahan industri kosmetik. Secara ekologis, Hoya sebagai tumbuhan epifit turut menyumbang biomasa dan penyerapan karbon tanpa menambah penggunaan lahan, dan fungsi ekologis lainnya terkait asosiasinya dengan serangga peyerbuk maupun semut dan lainnya. Terdapat 10 jenis Hoya di TNGGP, dan jumlah jenis terbanyak terdapat di resort Bodogol. Jenis-jenis tersebut juga terdapat di jalur interpretasi Bodogol, sehingga kekayaan jenis jenis Hoya tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan secara lestari untuk dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif mata pencaharian penduduk sekitar antara lain melalui pengembangan ekowisata Hoya. Pengembangan ekowisata Hoya di TNGGP dapat difokuskan di lokasi Resort Bodogol dengan berbagai bentuk, misalnya dengan pembentukan Kampung Hoya di Desa Bodogol dan jalur wisata Hoya di Resort Bodogol. Selain itu wilayah resort Bodogol juga merupakan wilayah percontohan sebagai Pusat Pendidikan Konservasi Alam dan juga sebagai stasiun Penelitian yang tentunya pengembangan ekowisata Hoya di Bodogol akan selaras dengan fungsi tersebut. Adapun pengembangan Kampung wisata Hoya dapat melibatkan masyarakat setempat dan beberapa stakeholder terkait.
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