The Coping Strategy and Subjective Well-Being of Indonesian Families amid the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, economic pressures have forced families to make various adjustments to maintain their well-being. This study investigated economic coping strategies and the subjective well-being of families during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1,125 families in Indonesia participated in an online survey using Google Forms and spoke through social media. The research shows that families experienced a decrease in income, which encouraged them to adopt various economic coping strategies. The coping strategy adopted was cutting expenses while increasing income, mainly by utilizing hobbies or skills. Income changes, education, poverty status, savings withdrawal, selling or pawn assets, asking for aid, and borrowing money significantly influenced subjective well-being. Differences in subjective well-being can be observed in economic status, education level, and changes in income. Changes in income and higher education positively affected subjective well-being. Poverty status also had a negative effect on subjective well-being negatively.
Downloads
References
Barnett-Howell, Z., & Mobarak, A. M. (2020). The benefits and costs of social distancing in rich and poor countries. Ithaca (NY): Cornell University.
Borner, Shively, J., Wunder, G., & Wyman, S. (2012). How do rural households respond to economic shocks? Insight from hierarchical analysis using global data. International Association of Agricultural Economics, 1-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.126143
Central Bureau of Statistics. (2020). Results of a social demographic survey on the impact of Covid-19. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/06/01/669cb2e8646787e52dd171c4/hasil-survei-sosial-demografi-dampak-covid-19-2020.html
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
Diener, E., Tay, L., & Oishi, S. (2013). Rising income and the subjective well-being of nations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 104(2), 267-276. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2012-29078-001
Donoghue, S., & Klerk, H.M. (2013). Consumers’ Anger and Coping Strategies Following Appraisals of Appliance Failure. Old Agricultural Building. 3-14.
Ersado, L., Alderman, H., & Alwang, J. (2003). Changes in consumption and saving behavior before and after economic shocks: Evidence from Zimbabwe. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 52(1), 187-215. https://doi.org/10.1086/380136
Firdaus, F., & Sunarti, E. (2009). The relationship between economic pressures and coping mechanisms with the family well-being of tea-picking women. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 2(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2009.2.1.21
Forbil Institute Team and Insitute of Governance and Public Affairs (IGPA). (2020). Informal workers in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. Governance of Covid-19 handling in Indonesia: Preliminary review. Yogyakarta (ID): Gadjah Mada University Press.
Fox, J. J., & Bartholomae, S. (2000). Families and individuals coping with financial stress. In McKenry, P. C. & Price, S. J (eds.), Families & Change Coping With Stressful Events and Transitions. (2nd ed). (pp 250-271). California (USA): Sage Publication, Inc.
Hakuhodo Institute. (2020). Covid-19 and its impact on ASEAN sei-katsu-sha: Quantitative studies. Hakuhodo Institute of Live and Living ASEAN.
Hasanah, U., Nadiroh, & Neolaka, A. (2017). The influence of couple interaction, role differences, and social-economic status on mothers' stress coping. American Scientific Publisher, 23(11), 10868-10870. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.10173
Headey, B. Wooden M. (2004). The effects of wealth and income on subjective well-being and ill-being. Melbourne Institute of Applied and Social Research: IZA DP No.1032.
Herawati, T., Sugihen, B. G., Asngari, P. S., Susanto, D., & Puspitawati, H. (2011). Family resource management of community empowerment program participants in Bogor Regency. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 7(2), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v7i2.9801
Herawati, T., Tyas, F. P. S., & Trijayanti, L. (2017). Economic pressures, coping strategies, and resilience of families who marry young age. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 10(3), 181-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2017.10.3.181
Higginbotham, B. J., & Felix, D. (2009). Economic predictors of marital quality among newly remarried rural and urban couples. Family Science Review, 14(2), 18-30. Retrieved from https://www.familyscienceassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2009-14-2-Ecomnomic-Predictors-of-marital-quality-among-newly-remarreid-rural-and-urban-couples_Brian-Higginbotham-Final.pdf
Kabbaro, H, Hartoyo, & Yuliati, L. N. (2014). Social capital, coping strategies, and objective welfare of families with women as the head of the family. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 7(3), 164-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2014.7.3.164.
Kumalasari, B., Herawati, T., & Simanjuntak, M. (2018). Gender relations, economic pressures, financial management, livelihood strategy, and quality of life in fishing families. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 11(2), 108-119. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2018.11.2.108
Kustiningsih, W., & Nurhadi. (2020). Strengthening social capital in Covid-19 mitigation. Governance of Covid-19 handling in Indonesia: Preliminary review. Yogyakarta (ID): Gadjah Mada University Press.
Mækelæ, M. J., Reggev, N., Dutra, N., Tamayo, R. M., Silva-Sobrinho, R. A., Klevjer, K., & Pfuhl, G. (2020). Perceived efficacy of COVID-19 restrictions, reactions and their impact on mental health during the early phase of the outbreak in six countries. Royal Society open science, 7(8), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200644
McKinsey & Company. (2020). COVID-19 Indonesia Consumer Pulse Survey.
Mistry, R. S., Lowe, E. D., Benner, A. D., & Chien, N. (2008). Expanding the family economic stress model: Insight from a mixed-methods approach. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(1), 196-209. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00471.x
Murdiani, S., Sunarti, E., & Herawati, T. (2017). Potential Fire Hazard, Vulnerability and Family Wellbeing of Jatinegara Public House's Residents. Journal of Family Sciences, 2(1), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.2.1.59%20-%2071
Puspitawati, H., Simanjuntak, M., & Hayati, L. (2012). Economic contributions and the dual role of women and their effect on subjective well-being. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 5(1), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2012.5.1.11
Raharjo, I. R., Puspitawati, H., & Krisnatuti, D. (2015). Economic, financial management, and well-being pressures on young families. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 8(1), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2015.8.1.38
Puspitasari, N., Puspitawati, H., & Herawati, T. (2013). Peran Gender, Kontribusi Ekonomi Perempuan, dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga Petani Hortikultura. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 6(1), 10-19.
Robila, M., & Krishnakumar, A. (2005). Effects of economic pressure on marital conflict in Romania. Journal of Family Psychology, 19(2), 246–251. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0893-3200.19.2.246
Rosidah, U., Hartoyo, & Muflikhati, I. (2012). Study of coping strategies and child investment behavior in the working families of jasmine gambir pickers. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 5(1), 77-87. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2012.5.1.77
Sabania, H., & Hartoyo, H. (2016). Economic Pressure, Livelihood Strategy, and Family Well-being in Cimanuk Watershed, Garut and Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia. Journal of Family Sciences, 1(1), 24-38. https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.1.1.24-38
Silitonga, M., Puspitawati, H., Muflikhati, I. (2018). Social capital, economic coping, symptoms of husband stress, and subjective well-being of the migrant labor family. Jurnal Kesejahteraan dan Pendidikan, 5(1), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.21009/JKKP.051.03
Simanjuntak, M. (2016). The economic pressure and coping strategy of the family of cash conditional transfer recipients. Journal of Family Sciences, 1(1), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.1.1.39-49
Sopiah, N. N., Krisnatuti, D., & Simanjuntak, M. (2017). Vulnerability, coping strategies, and children's adjustment in child-specific fostering institutions (LPKA). Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 10(3), 192-203. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2017.10.3.192
Stevenson, B., & Wolfers, J. (2013). Subjective well-being and income: Is there any evidence of satisfaction? American Economic Review, 103(3), 598-604. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.598
Sumner, A., Hoy, C., & Ortiz-Juarez, E. (2020). Estimates of the Impact of COVID-19 on Global Poverty (No. 2020/43). WIDER working paper.
Sunarti, E., Kamilah, D., Almas, H., & Pitriani, S. (2020). Family subjective well-being of health workers women during the covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Family Sciences, 5(2), 103-120. https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.v5i2.33152
Wong, B. Y. M., Lam, T. H., Lai, A. Y. K., Wang, M. P., & Ho, S. Y. (2021). Perceived benefits and harms of the Covid-19 pandemic on family well-being and their sociodemographic disparities in Hong Kong: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(3), 1217-1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031217
World Bank. (2019). Global economic prospects: Darkening skies. January. Washington DC: World Bank.
Yadollahi, M., Paim, L., Othman, M., & Suandi, T. (2009). Factors affecting family status. European Journal of Scientific Research, 37(1), 99-109.
Yimer, M., Abera, B., Mulu, W., & Bezabih, B. (2014). Knowledge, attitude, and practices of high-risk populations on louse-borne relapsing fever in Bahir Dar city, north-west Ethiopia. Science Journal of Public Health, 2(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140201.13
Yulfa, R., & Herawati, T. (2017). The influence of social support and financial management toward family well-being in early marriage. Journal of Family Sciences, 2(2), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.2.2.45-57
Yuswohady, Fatahillah, F., Rachmaniar, A., & Hanifah, I. (2020). Consumer behavior new normal after Covid-19: The 30 predictions. Inventure Knowledge.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
_001.png)
