Utilization of fish bone charcoal in feed on growth and physiological responses of catfish fry Clarias gariepinus

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the impact of charcoal inclusion in feed on the physiological responses and growth of catfish. The experiment employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replicates. Charcoal doses in the feed were set at 0% (C0, control), 0.5% (C0.5), 1% (C1), 2% (C2), and 3% (C3). The catfish used weighed 3.95 ± 0.03 g and were kept in 20 hapa units (2×1×1 m³) with a stocking density of 70 fish/hapa for 60 days. The results indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in the hepatosomatic index between treatments, with the highest values recorded in C1 (2.15 ± 0.10b) and C0.5 (1.91 ± 0.19b). However, liver glycogen levels did not significantly vary across treatments (p>0.05). Charcoal supplementation enhanced blood mineral levels (calcium, phosphorus, manganese, and zinc) in the C2 and C3 groups. The highest blood glucose level was observed in C1 (p<0.05). Intestinal histological analysis showed that the highest villi height and surface area were recorded in the C2 group, with values of 540.0 ± 10.2 µm and 34.122 ± 1.311 µm², respectively. Additionally, 2% charcoal supplementation improved final weight, daily growth rate, and protein retention, while reducing feed consumption and the feed conversion ratio compared to the control. Overall, the inclusion of 2% charcoal positively influenced the intestinal histology of catfish, contributing to enhanced growth performance. The study also demonstrated that charcoal addition affected the hepatosomatic index, blood glucose, and blood mineral levels in catfish.

Keywords: catfish, charcoal, growth, physiological response

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian charcoal dalam pakan terhadap respons fisiologis dan pertumbuhan ikan lele. Penelitian dirancang dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan dosis charcoal yang yang berbeda yaitu 0 (C0, kontrol), 0.5 (C0,5), 1 (C1), 2 (C2), dan 3% (C3). Ikan lele yang digunakan berbobot 3,95 ± 0,03 g/ekor dipelihara di hapa berukuran 2×1×1 m³ sebanyak 20 unit dengan kepadatan 70 ekor/hapa selama 60 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hepatosomatik indeks beda nyata antar perlakuan (p<0,05) nilai tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan C1 2,15 ± 0,10^b dan C0,5 1,91± 0,19^b. Penambahan charcoal pada pakan tidak berbeda nyata terhadap glikogen hati (P>0,05). Penambahan charcoal dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan kandungan mineral darah ikan (kalsium, fosfor, mangan, dan zinc) pada perlakuan C2 dan C3. Nilai glukosa darah tertinggi pada pakan yang diberi pakan C1 (p<0,05). Hasil histologi usus menunjukkan nilai tertinggi pada tinggi vili dan luas permukaan vili usus terdapat pada perlakuan C2 (2% charcoal) dengan tinggi vili (540,0±10,2 µm) dan luas permukaan vili (34122 ± 1311 µm). Penambahan charcoal 2% pada pakan dapat meningkatkan bobot akhir, laju pertumbuhan harian, retensi protein, menurunkan konsumsi pakan dan feed convertion ratio dibandingkan kontrol. Pemberian charcoal 2% dalam pakan berpengaruh baik terhadap histologi usus ikan lele, sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan pada perlakuan C2. Pada penelitian ini juga di temukan bahwa penambahan charcoal dalam pakan berpengaruh terhadap indeks hepatosomatik, glukosa darah, serta mineral darah ikan lele.

Kata kunci : charcoal, ikan lele, pertumbuhan, respons fisiologis