The Effectiveness of Onion Extract Allium sativum to Prevent Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) Infection on Common Carp Cyprinus carpio
Abstract
Common carp is one of consumption fish that has delicious meat, high pritein level, and easy in farming. The serious problem in common carp farming is koi herpesvirus infection. Onion extract potency to improve immune system was estimated to prevent disease infection. The testing of the garlic extract through food could be used as efforts to increase endurance of common carp fish Cyprinus carpio to koi herpesvirus infection that was considered from blood parameter. Fish that was used was measuring 9-11 cm with the treatment of food containing 30, 50, and 70 gr/100 ml onion extract. Fish was acclimated for seven days in 60×30×30 cm3 aquarium before used. Garlic extract diet in food gave increasing of fish immune system that was infected by koi herpesvirus. The increased of leucocytes of blood fish with onion extract diet was faster than possitive control. The dose of B treatment (50 gr/100 ml) was the best dose gave short incubation periode comparing other treatment. Survival rate (SR) of this B treatment was highest, i.e. 91.7%, while survival rate of negative control was 50%.
Key word: common carp, Cyprinus carpio, onion, Allium sativum, koi herpesvirus
ABSTRAK
Salah satu jenis ikan konsumsi air tawar yang banyak digemari oleh masyarakat adalah ikan mas Cyprinus carpio karena rasa dagingnya gurih, memiliki kadar protein tinggi dan cukup mudah dalam pemeliharaannya. Permasalahan yang muncul saat ini adalah wabah Koi Herpes Virus (KHV). Potensi ekstrak bawang putih sebagai anti mikroba spektrum luas, diduga dapat mengobati dan mencegah penyakit ikan. Pengujian bawang putih secara in vivo melalui pakan dapat digunakan sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan ketahanan tubuh ikan mas Cyprinus carpio terhadap infeksi penyakit KHV yang ditinjau dari gambaran darahnya. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan mas berukuran 9-11 cm dengan perlakuan pakan yang mengandung bawang putih sebanyak 30, 50, dan 70 gr/100 ml. Sebelum dilakukan penelitian ikan diadaptasikan selama 7 hari pada akuarium berukuran 60×30×30 cm3. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak bawang putih efektif untuk meningkatkan ketahanan tubuh ikan mas Cyprinus carpio yang diinfeksi oleh Koi Herpes Virus (KHV). Pengamatan gambaran darah ikan yang terinfeksi KHV setelah pemberian ekstrak bawang putih selama 30 hari dapat meningkatkan jumlah leukosit lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol positif. Peningkatan jumlah limfosit dalam darah mampu meningkatkan pertahanan tubuh. Peningkatan jumlah leukosit ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya jumlah limfosit dan penurunan jumlah monosit. Perlakuan B (50 gr/100 ml) merupakan dosis yang paling baik karena masa inkubasi KHV terlewati lebih cepat dibanding perlakuan lain yang ditandai dengan penurunan jumlah leukositnya. Hal ini didukung oleh gejala klinis yang ringan dibandingkan kontrol positif dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup yang tinggi sebesar 91,7%. Sedangkan pada kontrol negatif kelangsungan hidupnya sebesar 50%.
Kata kunci: ikan mas, Cyprinus carpio, bawang putih, Allium sativum, KHV dan Herpes
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