Efficacy of Andrographis paniculata, Psidium guajava and Piper betle as Prevention on Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia Infection in African Catfish (Clarias sp.)

Abstract

An effort to prevent Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) disease in African catfish (Clarias sp.) performed using antibiotic was less safety and expensive ways.  An herbal medicine may be able to be a safety and cheap way to prevent of the MAS disease.  This study was conducted to determine efficacy of herbal medicine combination of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), daun jambu (Psidium guajava) and daun sirih (Piper betle). Herbal medicines were mixed to diet and fish were fed on the diet containing the herbal medicine for 7 days of rearing.  The dosage of herbal medicine per 100 gram of diet was PI (1.0 g sambiloto, 0.75 g daun jambu and 0.25 g daun sirih), PII (1.0 g sambiloto,  0.50 g daun jambu,  0.50 g daun sirih), and PIII (1.0 g sambiloto, 0.25 g daun jambu, and 0.75 g daun sirih).  On 8th day, fish were injected intramuscularly with 1 ml of Aeromonas hydrophila (10⁵ cfu/ml) every 1 kg of fish.  Clinical symptom, feed response, fish weight, number of fish survive and visually changing of internal organs.  The results of study indicated that administration of herbal medicine A. paniculata, P. guajava and P. betle mixed into the diet effectively prevented A. hydrophila infection.  Combination of 1.0 gram A. paniculata, 0.75 gram P. guajava and 0.25 gram P. betle gave higher efficacy against A. hydrophila infection.

Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, Psidium guajava, Piper betle, Motile Aeromonad septicaemia, African catfish

ABSTRAK

Upaya penanggulangan penyakit MAS (Motil Aeromonad Septicaemia) pada ikan lele dumbo (Clarias sp.) yang dilakukan menggunakan antibiotik cenderung kurang aman dan mahal. Pencegahan menggunakan obat herbal diharapkan dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut secara aman dan murah.  Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas obat herbal kombinasi sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava) dan sirih (Piper betle) dengan dosis berbeda yang diberikan melalui pakan selama 7 hari.  Perlakuan dosis obat herbal per 100 gram pakan adalah PI (1,0 g sambiloto, 0,75 g daun jambu dan 0,25 g daun sirih), PII (1,0 g sambiloto,  0,50 g daun jambu,  0,50 g daun sirih), dan PIII (1,0 g sambiloto, 0,25 g daun jambu, 0,75 g dan daun sirih.  Pada hari ke-8 pemeliharaan ikan dilakukan penyuntikan secara intramuskular dengan Aeromonas hydrophila dengan konsentrasi 10⁵ cfu/ml sebanyak 1 ml/kg bobot ikan.  Ikan uji diamati selama 7 hari yang meliputi gejala klinis, respon pakan, bobot ikan uji, jumlah ikan hidup dan perubahan visual organ dalam.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian obat herbal sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava) dan sirih (Piper betle) melalui pakan terbukti efektif untuk mencegah serangan A. hydrophila.  Kombinasi 1,0 gram sambiloto, 0,75 gram daun jambu biji dan 0,25 gram daun sirih dalam setiap 100 gram pakan menghasilkan efek pencegahan yang paling efektif.

Kata kunci: Ikan lele, sambiloto, jambu biji, sirih, Motil Aeromonad Septicaemia dan lele dumbo