Prospect use of Phaleria macrocarpa to prevent motile aeromonad septicaemia disease in Patin Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
Abstract
Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) disease is one of bacterial disease frequently infecting freshwater fishes including patin catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. This study was performed to determine antimicrobial of Phaleria macrocarpa (PM) and its potency against MAS disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. The in vitro susceptibility test was performed by pour plate methods at the dosages of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g/l PM. At the in vivo test, fish were fed with the addition of PM into the diet at a dosage of 6, 12, and 18 g/l and 0 g/l as a control for 8 days. At ninth day, fish were infected with A.hydrophila. For seven days after infection the clinical signs and blood pictures were observed. The in vitro test indicated that PM had an antibacterial effect to A.hydrophila at the dosage of 6 g/l. Addition of PM in the diet for 8 days increased haemoglobine. The results showed that lowest clinical sign and smallest number of in fected fish was found at dosage of 12 g/l PM. PM can be used as a preventive method for MAS.
Keywords: Phaleria macrocarpa, antibacterial, "patin", MAS disease, Aeromonas hydrophila
Abstrak
Penyakit MAS (Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia) merupakan penyakit bakterial yang banyak menyerang ikan-ikan air tawar termasuk patin Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kemampuan antibakteri dari mahkota dewa (MD) Phaleria macrocarpa terhadap Aeromonas hydrophila penyebab penyakit MAS dan potensinya dalam pencegahan penyakit ini. Pada uji in vitro dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri MD terhadap A. hydrophila dengan metode hitungan cawan pada dosis MD 2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10 g/l. Pada uji in vivo, ikan uji diberi pakan yang dicampur MD dengan dosis berbeda yaitu 0 g/l (kontrol +), 6, 12, dan 18 g/l, selama 8 hari. Pada hari kesembilan ikan disuntik dengan A. hydrophila dan pengamatan dilanjutkan selama 7 hari, meliputi pengamatan gejala klinis dan gambaran darah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MD bersifat antibakteri terhadap A. hydrophila dengan dosis efektif 6 g/l. Pemberian MD selama 8 hari dapat meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin, kadar hematokrit, jumlah lekosit, serta meningkatkan kemampuan fagositik darah. Dosis MD sebesar 12 g/l menunjukkan hasil paling baik yang ditunjang oleh gejala klinis paling ringan (sampai tahap nekrosis), dengan jumlah ikan yang terinfeksi paling sedikit (45%) dan waktu penyembuhan paling cepat (hari ke 6). Dengan demikian, MD dapat digunakan untuk mencegah penyakit MAS.
Kata kunci: mahkota dewa, antibakterial, ikan patin, penyakit MAS, Aeromonas hydrophila
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