Identification of sex linked molecular markers in Indonesian giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Abstract
Male giant freshwater prawn grows faster than its female. Therefore, male mono sex culture is one of the solutions to improve aquaculture production. The all-male population of giant freshwater prawns can be produced by mating the neo-females (sex-reversed males) with the normal males. This study was aimed to identify the molecular markers related to the giant freshwater prawn sex. Specific primers were designed based on female-specific AFLP marker sequences to distinguish male and female sex on the prawns. Three locations for obtaining the Indonesian prawns in this study were Aceh, Sukabumi, and Solo. Based on the PCR analysis with MrMKn primers, 30 samples of female prawns had 100 % occurred DNA bands, while no DNA bands were obtained in all-male prawns from Solo. Nevertheless, MrMKn primers still detected 10–16 % male prawns from Sukabumi and Aceh. This indicated that MrMKn primers could not yet distinguish the male prawns for all populations. Moreover, the results suggested that the three prawn samples were different based on female-specific gene sequence. The MrMKn primers have the opportunity to be used in the selection of the female ZZ (neo-female) prawns from Solo without progeny test, so that the determination of female ZZ candidates can be identified more quickly. However, the primer still needs to be redesigned to distinguish neo-female prawns from Sukabumi and Aceh.
Keyword: giant freshwater prawn, mono sex, neo-female, sex markers
ABSTRAK
Udang galah jantan lebih cepat tumbuh dibandingkan dengan betinanya sehingga budidaya udang galah monoseks jantan menjadi salah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan produksi budidaya. Populasi monoseks jantan udang galah dapat dihasilkan dengan mengawinkan neofemales (sex-reversed males) dengan jantan normal. Sistem kromosom pada udang galah berbeda dengan ikan. Individu betina bersifat heterogametik (WZ) dan jantan homogametik (ZZ). Dalam perkembangannya, terdapat kendala dalam menentukan individu neofemale yang memiliki kromosom ZZ. Berdasarkan pendekatan sistem kromosom tersebut, maka dapat dijadikan acuan untuk membuat marka molekuler terkait kelamin udang galah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi marka molekuler terkait jenis kelamin pada udang galah. Primer spesifik didesain berdasarkan sekuen female specific AFLP marker untuk membedakan kelamin jantan dan betina pada udang galah. Tiga sumber udang galah digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu Aceh, Sukabumi, dan Solo. Berdasarkan hasil analisis PCR dengan primer MrKNn, dari 30 sampel pada kelompok udang galah betina diperoleh hasil 100% pita DNA muncul, dan tidak terdapat pita DNA pada semua udang galah jantan asal Solo. Namun demikian, primer MrMKn tersebut masih mendeteksi sebesar 10–16% pada udang galah asal Sukabumi dan Aceh. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa primer MrMKn belum dapat membedakan udang galah jantan dari semua populasi. Selain itu, dapat dikatakan bahwa ketiga udang galah uji adalah berbeda, khususnya sekuen gen spesifik betina. Primer MrMKn berpeluang digunakan dalam proses seleksi udang galah betina ZZ (neofemale) asal Solo tanpa harus melalui uji progeni sehingga penentuan kandidat betina ZZ lebih cepat teridentifikasi. Akan tetapi, primer masih perlu didesain ulang untuk membedakan neofemale asal Sukabumi dan Aceh.
Kata kunci: marka kelamin, monoseks, neo-female, udang galah
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