Evaluation of karamunting Melastoma malabathricum L leaf extract on gonad development and growth performance of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the optimum dose of melastoma Melastoma malabathricum leaf extract that can inhibit the gonad development of Nile tilapia and increase its growth rate. This study used a completely randomized design containing five extract dose treatments (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 g/kg diet doses) and three replications. The undifferentiated Nile tilapia larvae (7 days post hatching) were randomly distributed (n=30) to fifteen aquaria (100×50×50 cm3) and maintained for 112 days using a common recirculation system. The results showed that all dose treatments were not significantly different (P>0.05) in gonadosomatic index values of the D84 and D98 samplings. However, the 1 g/kg diet (D112) was significantly different (P<0.05) in all dose treatments. The final histological results (D112) showed that the 1 g/kg diet obtained the highest inhibition level of the testis and ovary developments, which were still in stage II compared to 0.5 g/kg diet (stage III) and control (stage IV and V). The highest average weight, absolute growth rate, and specific growth rate were obtained in the 1 g/kg diet dose which was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to the control. The percentage of males increased significantly (P<0.05) following the increased dose treatment fed to the fish (4 g/kg diet) with 80.12±4.67%, but the survival rate significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared to the control. The administration of 1 g/kg diet dose obtained the best dose and potential as an inhibiting agent for gonad development in Nile tilapia.
Keywords: Melastoma malabathricum, gonad inhibition, cytosterol, Oreochromis niloticus
ABSTRAK
Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan dosis optimum ekstrak daun melastoma Melastoma malabathricum yang dapat menghambat perkembangan gonad ikan nila sehingga meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan somatik dan mengevaluasi efektivitasnya sebagai agen seks reversal alami. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan (dosis 0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; dan 4,0 g/kg pakan) dan tiga ulangan. Larva ikan nila sebelum kelamin terdiferensiasi (7 hari pascatetas) secara acak (n=30) dimasukkan ke dalam 15 buah akuarium (100×50×50 cm3) dan dipelihara selama 112 hari pada sistem resirkulasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) terhadap nilai GSI pada sampling D84 dan D98. Namun, perlakuan 1 g/kg pakan pada sampling D112 berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan semua perlakuan. Hasil histologi terakhir (D112) menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan 1 g/kg pakan mengindikasikan penghambatan perkembangan testis dan ovari yang paling besar yang masing-masing berada pada TKG II, dibandingkan dengan perlakuan 0,5 g/kg pakan (TKG III), dan dibandingkan dengan kontrol (TKG IV dan TKG V). Pengamatan terhadap bobot rata-rata, laju pertumbuhan mutlak, dan laju pertumbuhan harian tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan 1 g/kg pakan yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Persentase jantan meningkat secara signifikan (P<0,05) seiring meningkatnya konsentrasi ekstrak yang mencapai 80,12±4,67% pada perlakuan 4 g/kg pakan, namun tingkat kelangsungan hidup menurun secara signifikan (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pada keseluruhan parameter, pemberian ekstrak 1 g/kg pakan merupakan dosis terbaik dan potensial sebagai agen penghambat perkembangan gonad pada ikan nila.
Kata kunci:Melastoma malabathricum, penghambatan gonad, sitosterol, Oreochromis niloticus
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