Analisis Dampak Sosial Ekonomi Industri Pertambangan Nikel terhadap Masyarakat Sekitar Kawasan PT Z

Socio-Economic Impact Analysis of the Nickel Mining Industry on the Community Surrounding PT Z

Abstract

This study aims to examine the social and economic impacts of the nickel mining industry on the communities in Bahodopi Subdistrict, Morowali Regency, particularly around the PT Z industrial area. The rapid development of the nickel mining industry has driven significant changes in livelihood structures, social conditions, and local economic dynamics. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and surveys of local residents and company employees. Social impacts were explored descriptively, while economic impacts were assessed using the multiplier effect approach with the Keynesian Local Income Multiplier method. The results indicate that socially, the presence of the nickel mining industry has led to a shift in community livelihoods from agriculture and fisheries to mining and supporting businesses, resolution of land conflicts through village government mediation, improved regional infrastructure, and the growth of various community enterprises. Economically mining activities generated a total impact IDR 2.549.611.016.000/year, including direct, indirect, and induced effects. A multiplier effect value of 1.19 indicates that every IDR 1.000.000 increase in company expenditure can raise local community income by IDR 1.190.000. These findings highlight the significant role of the nickel mining industry in promoting local economic growth and social transformation in the study area.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak sosial dan ekonomi dari keberadaan industri pertambangan nikel terhadap masyarakat di Kecamatan Bahodopi, Kabupaten Morowali, khususnya di sekitar kawasan industri PT Z. Perkembangan industri pertambangan nikel yang pesat telah mendorong perubahan pada struktur mata pencaharian, kondisi sosial, serta dinamika ekonomi masyarakat lokal.  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kombinasi kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara mendalam, dan survei terhadap masyarakat serta tenaga kerja perusahaan. Analisis dampak sosial dilakukan secara deskriptif, sedangkan analisis dampak ekonomi menggunakan pendekatan multiplier effect dengan metode Keynesian Local Income Multiplier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara sosial, keberadaan industri pertambangan nikel mendorong terjadinya pergeseran mata pencaharian masyarakat dari sektor pertanian dan perikanan ke sektor pertambangan dan usaha penunjang, konflik lahan yang terjadi relative telah teratasi melalui mediasi pemerintah desa, peningkatan infrastruktur wilayah, serta berkembangnya berbagai usaha masyarakat. Dari sisi ekonomi, aktivitas pertambangan nikel memberikan dampak ekonomi total sebesar Rp 2.549.611.016.000/tahun yang terdiri atas dampak langsung, tidak langsung, dan dampak imbas. Nilai multiplier effect sebesar 1,19 menunjukkan bahwa setiap peningkatan pengeluaran perusahaan sebesar Rp 1.000.000 mampu meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat lokal sebesar Rp 1.190.000. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa industri pertambangan nikel berperan signifikan dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal dan perubahan sosial masyarakat di wilayah penelitian.