Heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Cu, and Pb) in sediment and water of Lake Belibis, West Kalimantan
Kandungan logam berat (Hg, Cd, Cu, dan Pb) pada sedimen dan air Danau Belibis, Kalimantan Barat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/HAJ.7.2.78Keywords:
heavy metals, mercury, pit lake, sediment, water qualityAbstract
Heavy metal contamination is an important environmental issue, particularly in developing countries where mining activities are widespread and environmental management is often limited. This study evaluated the level of heavy metal contamination in Lake Belibis, a post-mining pit lake formed by illegal artisanal gold mining activities in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, which is currently used as a natural tourism area. Water and sediment samples were collected from three purposively selected stations representing different surrounding land uses from May to August 2024. Concentrations of mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). In addition, supporting physico-chemical parameters were measured in situ. The results show that heavy metal concentrations in both water and sediment were generally below applicable environmental quality standards, indicating a relatively low level of contamination under current conditions. The physico-chemical characteristics of the lake reflect stable support the retention of heavy metals in particulate matter and sediments. Overall, the findings suggest that the environmental risk associated with heavy metals in Lake Belibis is currently low, but continuous monitoring is necessary to support environmental risk evaluation and sustainable management of the pit lake.
Downloads
References
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Regency (ATSDR). 2024. Toxicological Profile for Mercury. US Department of Health and Human Services. 827p
Alisa CAG, Albirqi MS, Faizal I. 2020. Kandungan timbal dan kadmium pada air dan sedimen di perairan Pulau Untung Jawa, Jakarta. Jurnal Akuatika Indonesia. 5(1):21-26
Angon PB, Islam MS, Das A, Anjum N, Poudel A, Suchi SA. 2024. Sources, effects and present perspectives of heavy metals contamination: Soil, plants and human food chain. Heliyon. 10(7):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28357
Anzani YM, Rahayu S. 2024. Variasi spasial dan temporal parameter fisika dan kimia perairan danau pascatambang, Danau Belibis, Kalimantan Barat. TRITON: Jurnal Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan. 20(1): 62–72. https://doi.org/10.30598/tritonvol20issue1page62-72
Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC), Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand (ARMACANZ). 2000. Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality. Australian Water Association and NZ Water & Wastes Association. 314p
Cheney CL. Eccles KM, Kimpe LE, Lehnherr I, Blais JM. 2023. Mercury deposition to lake sediments near historic gold mines. Environmental Pollution. https://ssrn.com/abstract=4491390
Farias JP, Okeke BC, Demarco CF, Carlos FS, da Silva RF, da Silva MA, Quadro MS, Pieniz S, Andreazza R. 2024. Cadmium contamination in aquatic environments: Detoxification mechanisms and phytoremediation approach. Sustainability.16(22):1–24.
Kirana GC, Khairuddin, Yamin M. 202.. Analysis of heavy metal content of copper (Cu) in cork fish rrom Rawa Taliwang Lake, West Sumbawa Regency 2021. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 22(3): 1033–1039. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v22i3.3957
Lund MA, Blanchette ML. 2021. Can Saline Pit Lakes Offer Biodiversity Values at Closure? IMWA 2021 .Mine Water Management for Future Generations, 300–306.
Ma H, Wang Y, Chen C, Zhang Y. 2025. Particulate and dissolved metals in the Pearl River Estuary, China Part 2: Partitioning characteristics and influencing factors. Water. 17(10):1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17101436
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No 22 Tahun 2021 (PP No. 22 Tahun 2021) tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup.
Pratiwi DY. 2020. Dampak pencemaran logam berat (timbal, tembaga, merkuri, kadmium, krom) terhadap organisme perairan dan kesehatan manusia. Jurnal Akuatek. 1(1): 59–65.
Rahman A, Masmitra KD, Nurliani A. 2016. Analisis Kandungan Merkuri ( Hg ) Pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus L.) Budidaya Keramba Di Sekitar Waduk Riam Kanan Kecamatan Aranio. Biodidaktika: 11(2):66–76.
Robi, Aritonang AB, Sofiana MSJ. 2021. Kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd dan Hg pada air dan sedimen di perairan Samudera Indah Kabupaten Bengkayang, Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Laut Khatulistiwa. 4(1):20–28. http://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/lk
Saptaningrum E, Kurniawati E, Sineke J, Mutholib A, Widyayanti OA, Dewi L, Al Syarief SW, Rustianingsih, Kawatu YT, Br Tarigan L, Mahtuti EY, Rokot A, Rina W, Hasbi N, Azis NN. 2024. Pencemaran Lingkungan. Cilacap: Media Pustaka Indo.165p
Saptory R, Kusumawati D, Adam MA, Supii AI, Lumbessy SY, Lestari HA, Saputra RA, Fi Ramadhani S, Asmanik, Hadiawati L, Sumarwan J. 2025. Bioaccumulation of lead (Pb) and microplastic contamination in the estuary of Kombal Bay, North Lombok, Indonesia using Padina sp. as a Bioindicator. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries. 29(6):449–461. www.ejabf.journals.ekb.eg
Secretariat of the Minamata Convention on Mercury. 2025. Mercury monitoring in and around artisanal and small-scale gold mining sites. Geneva: UN Environment Program. 87p. www.minamataconvention.org
Setiawan M, Joseph WBS, Pinontoan OR. 2025. Analisis kandungan kadmium (Cd) dan seng (Zn) pada air di Danau Tondano Desa Eris Kecamatan Eris. Medic Nutricia: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 13(5):1-9 https://doi.org/10.5455/mnj.v1i2.644
Syawal MS, Wardiatno Y, Hariyadi S. 2016. Pengaruh aktivitas antropogenik terhadap kualitas air, sedimen dan moluska di Danau Maninjau, Sumetera Barat. Jurnal Biologi Tropis. 16(1):1–14.
Tuheteru EJ, Gautama RS, Kusuma GJ, Kuntoro AA, Pranoto K, Palinggi Y. 2021. Water Balance of Pit Lake Development in the Equatorial Region Water Balance of Pit Lake Development in the Equatorial Region. Water. 13(3106):1–20.
Tuheteru EJ, Gautama RS, Kusuma GJ, Pranoto K. 2018. Pit Lake Sebagai Alternatif Kegiatan Pascatambang. Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI. 1(1):19–34.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 (UU No.3 Tahun 2020) tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batu Bara.
Verma RK, Sankhla MS, Kumar R. 2018. Mercury Contamination in Water & Its Impact on Public Health. International Journal of Forensic Science. 1(2):72–78.
Yolanda DS, Prartono T, Koropitan AF, Hartanto MT, Lestari, Lubis MRK. 2019. Partisi kimiawi Cu dan Fe pada sedimen permukaan di pesisir timur dan barat Sumatra Utara. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 11(2):387–397. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v11i2.24057
Yu P, Cui H, Bai J, Chen G, Liu H, Liu Z, Xia J. 2024. Adsorption and desorption of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd on surface sediments from a shallow lake, North China. Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology. 24(4):820–827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecohyd.2022.01.002
Zou Y, Lou S, Zhang Z, Liu S, Zhou X, Zhou F, Radnaeva LD, Nikitina E, Fedorova IV. 2024. Predictions of heavy metal concentrations by physiochemical water quality parameters in coastal areas of Yangtze river estuary. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 199 (115951):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115951
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Habitus Aquatica
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors submitting manuscripts should understand and agree that copyright of manuscripts of the article shall be assigned/transferred to Habitus Aquatica Journal. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA). Therefore, Authors and Readers are permitted to share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose. However, they must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, transform or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
