Dieffenbachia seguine extract nanoemulsion as an intranasal inflammation-inducing agent in rats

Siti Sa'diah; Ke Yong Leong; Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari; Leliana Nugrahaning Widi; Hamzah Alfarisi

doi:10.29244/currbiomed.3.2.94

Authors

Siti Sa'diah Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia; Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7513-4431
Ke Yong Leong Study Program of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari Division of Medical Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4468-8762
Leliana Nugrahaning Widi Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1259-5318
Hamzah Alfarisi Division of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-235X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29244/currbiomed.3.2.94

Keywords:

Dieffenbachia seguine, dumb cane, IL-6, intranasal inflammation, nanoemulsion

Abstract

Background Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott, commonly known as the dumb cane, is a tropical ornamental plant known for its toxic and proinflammatory properties. Its potential as a natural inducer of inflammation warrants further investigation, particularly via the intranasal route.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the proinflammatory effect of D. seguine leaf extract nanoemulsion by measuring the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) following intranasal administration in rats.

Methods Wistar rats (n= 24) were divided into six groups: water for injection (WFI, negative control); emulsion base; lipopolysaccharide (LPS, positive control); and D. seguine extract nanoemulsions at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 4%. Each rat received an intranasal instillation, and IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in the BALF were quantified using ELISA.

Results Only the 4% D. seguine nanoemulsion group showed a significant increase in IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared to the control. Lower concentrations (1% and 2%) did not induce significant cytokine elevation. All treatment groups showed significantly lower cytokine levels than the LPS group.

Conclusion D. seguine extract nanoemulsion at 4% concentration demonstrates potential as a natural inflammation-inducing agent via the intranasal route, although its effect remains lower than that of LPS.