Integrating Community Driven-approach and CSR-supported Coastal Defense: Waste-tire Wave Breakers (APO) in Tanjung Pakis West Java
Abstract
Planet Ban, implemented waste-tire wave breakers (Alat Pemecah Ombak, APO) as a community-driven coastal protection strategy supported by a CSR-based circular economy model. This study evaluates APO effectiveness by integrating multi-temporal shoreline analysis using Sentinel-2 imagery and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) for 2018–2024, combined with socio-economic surveys and focus group discussions. The analysis shows that post-installation (2022–2024), mean shoreline erosion decreased by 4.73 m/yr, while accretion increased by 2.85 m/yr, reducing overall shoreline retreat from −9.79 m/yr to −5.41 m/yr. Impacts were concentrated in APO-installed areas, indicating effective wave attenuation and sediment trapping. Socio-economic impacts findings reveal an average 11.1% increase in household income, driven by improved fishpond protection and productivity. CSR support enabled construction, maintenance, and local labor involvement, strengthening community ownership. The study demonstrates that APOs are most effective as complementary measures to ecosystem-based restoration. Combined with community participation and CSR support, APOs offer a viable hybrid approach to enhancing coastal resilience in vulnerable tropical environments.
Full text article
References
Alharbi, B., 2025. Multi-temporal satellite image analysis for detecting the changes in mangrove vegetation between Allith and Alqahma on the Red Sea coast. Heliyon. 11(4), e42571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42571
Ambariyanto, Utama, Y.J., Sugianto, D.N., Ariyanti, D., Handayani, E.P., 2023. Mangrove conservation and biodiversity protection strategies in Universitas Diponegoro to achieve net zero emission. Journal of Sustainability Perspectives. 3(2), 202-208. https://doi.org/10.14710/jsp.2023.20482
Arifanti, V.B., Basyuni, M., Suharti, S., Slamet, B., Karlina, E., Sidik, F., Helbert, H., Yeny, I., Yulianti, M., Marwayana, O.N., Macklin, P.A., Rahmania, R., Suyadi, S., Wahyuni, T., Halwany, W., Rahmila, Y.I., Faubiany, V., Mubaraq, A., Aznawi, A.A., Ali, H.M., 2025. Assessing the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of mangrove loss in Indonesia: a synthesis for science-based policy. Forest Science and Technology. 21(4), 430-446. https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2025.2536595
Arifanti, V.B., Kauffman, J.B., Hadriyanto, D., Murdiyarso, D., Diana, R., 2019. Carbon dynamics and land use carbon footprints in mangrove-converted aquaculture: the case of the Mahakam Delta, Indonesia. Forest Ecology and Management. 432, 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.047
Asio, M.V.S., Cvitanovic, C., Lau, J.D., Diedrich, A., 2026. Collaborative governance in marine and coastal management: a systematic review. Ocean & Coastal Management. 272, 108020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108020
Avoyan, E., 2023. Collaborative governance for innovative environmental solutions: qualitative comparative analysis of cases from around the world. Environmental Management. 71, 670-684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-022-01642-7
Badan Pusat Statistik Karawang, 2023. Tanjung Pakis population statistics report. Badan Pusat Statistik Karawang.
Bianchi, C., Nasi, G., Rivenbark, W.C., 2021. Implementing collaborative governance: models, experiences, and challenges. Public Management Review. 23(11), 1581-1589. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2021.1878777
Cárdenas, M.L., Wilde, V., Hagen-Zanker, A., Seifert-Dähnn, I., Hutchins, M.G., Loiselle, S., 2021. The circular benefits of participation in nature-based solutions. Sustainability. 13(8), 4344. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084344
Carroll, A.B., 2021. Corporate social responsibility: perspectives on the CSR construct’s development and future. Business & Society. 60(6), 1258-1278. https://doi.org/10.1177/00076503211001765
Dressel, S., Sjölander-Lindqvist, A., Johansson, M., Ericsson, G., Sandström, C., 2021. Achieving social and ecological outcomes in collaborative environmental governance: good examples from Swedish moose management. Sustainability. 13(4), 2329. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042329
Farid, M., Wati, L., 2024. Creating shared values as a new paradigm of corporate social responsibility. Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi. 12(1), 109-126. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v12i1.54745
Fauzunora, E.A., Saepuloh, A., Tarya, A., 2023. Coastline change using time series satellite images in the north coast of Java: study case Indramayu Regency, West Java, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 1245, 012038. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1245/1/012038
Handiani, D.N., Wisha, U.J., Kuswardani, A.R.T.D., Triyono, Zulkarnaen, D., Wicaksono, A., 2022. Coastal vulnerability assessment along the north Java coastlines, Indonesia. Jurnal Segara. 18(1). https://doi.org/10.15578/segara.v18i1.10664
Haryani, D., 2022. Coastal community development and erosion mitigation. Journal of Maritime and Society Development.
Hassan, M.R., Rodrigue, D., 2024. Application of waste tire in construction: a road towards sustainability and circular economy. Sustainability. 16(9), 3852. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093852
Heinen, D., Arlati, A., Knieling, J., 2022. Five dimensions of climate governance: a framework for empirical research based on polycentric and multi-level governance perspectives. Environmental Policy and Governance. 32(1), 56-68. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1963
Herdiwan, E.R., Lestari, F., Hafsar, K., 2022. Coastal waste management and engineering solutions. Jurnal Kelautan. 15, 69-80.
Hovardas, T., 2021. Social sustainability as social learning: insights from multi-stakeholder environmental governance. Sustainability. 13(14), 7744. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147744
Ilhami, W.T., Christian, Y., Affandy, A., 2021. Integrated mangrove landscape design and coastal disaster risk mitigation. Coastal and Ocean Journal. 5(1), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.29244/COJ.5.1.28-36
Martuti, N., Pribadi, R., Dewi, N., Sidiq, W., Mutiatari, D., 2022. Analysis of environment, socio-economic, and stakeholder partnership for integrated coastal management in Semarang City, Indonesia. Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada. 22(1), 11-25. https://doi.org/10.5894/rgci-n431
Perricone, V., Mutalipassi, M., Mele, A., Buono, M., Vicinanza, D., Contestabile, P., 2023. Nature-based and bioinspired solutions for coastal protection: an overview among key ecosystems and a promising pathway for new functional and sustainable designs. ICES Journal of Marine Science. 80(5), 1218-1239. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad080
Rauhaus, B.M., Guajardo, J.M., 2021. The practice of youth inclusion in community planning and resiliency: the case of post-Hurricane Harvey. Journal of Health and Human Services Administration. 44(1). https://doi.org/10.37808/jhhsa.44.1.4
Sagala, P.M., Bhomia, R.K., Murdiyarso, D., 2024. Assessment of coastal vulnerability to support mangrove restoration in the northern coast of Java, Indonesia. Regional Studies in Marine Science. 70, 103383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103383
Singh, R.K., Khand, K., Kagone, S., Schauer, M., Senay, G.B., Wu, Z., 2020. A novel approach for next generation water-use mapping using Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite data. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 65(14), 2508-2519. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2020.1817461
Solihuddin, T., Husrin, S., Salim, H.L., Kepel, T.L., Mustikasari, E., Heriati, A., Ati, R.N.A., Purbani, D., Mbay, L.O.N., Indriasari, V.Y., Berliana, B., 2021. Coastal erosion on the north coast of Java: adaptation strategies and coastal management. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 777, 012035. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/777/1/012035
Tjahjadi, B., Soewarno, N., Mustikaningtiyas, F., 2021. Good corporate governance and corporate sustainability performance in Indonesia: a triple bottom line approach. Heliyon. 7, e06453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06453
United States Geological Survey, n.d. Landsat and Sentinel-2 spectral band comparison. U.S. Department of the Interior. https://www.usgs.gov/
Vitousek, S., Buscombe, D., Vos, K., Barnard, P.L., Ritchie, A.C., Warrick, J.A., 2023. The future of coastal monitoring through satellite remote sensing. Cambridge Prisms: Coastal Futures. 1, e10. https://doi.org/10.1017/cft.2022.4
Wang, Y., Qu, W., Zheng, L., Yao, M., 2022. Multi-dimensional social capital and farmer’s willingness to participate in environmental governance. Tropical Conservation Science. 15, 19400829221084562. https://doi.org/10.1177/19400829221084562
Wei, S., Zhang, H., Ling, J., 2025. A review of mangrove degradation assessment using remote sensing: advances, challenges, and opportunities. GIScience & Remote Sensing. 62(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2025.2491920
Wijaya, R.C., Lasminto, U., 2025. River erosion mitigation innovation: field study of permeable groins made from used tires. Cleaner Waste Systems. 11, 100279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100279
Zhang, C., Magee, A.R., 2021. Effectiveness of floating breakwater in special configurations for protecting nearshore infrastructures. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 9(7), 785. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070785
Zhang, S., Gu, Z., 2021. Impact of social capital on environmental governance efficiency: behavior of Guangdong, China. Frontiers in Energy Research. 9, 781657. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2021.781657