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Acute and sublethal toxicity of copper in Siam-catfish juvenile Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
Corresponding Author(s) : Dody Sihono
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia,
Vol. 13 No. 1 (2014): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to determine the level of acute toxicity (LC50) and to analyze the effect of Cu on the survival, growth, haematological, and bioaccumulation of Cu in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus juvenile at sublethal conditions. The experiment trial used completely randomized design with five concentration treatments and two replications to determine LC50. The Cu concentration used were 0, 0.2, 0.7, 1.2, and 1.7 ppm. Sublethal treatment used four Cu concentrations with three replicates. The concentrations were 0, 0.167, 0.334 and 0.667 ppm. Experimental fish used had an average total length 11.0±1.7 cm and weight 13.00±1.72 g. Results showed that Cu was highly toxic to P. hypophthalmus with a LC50-96 hours value of 0.667 ppm (0.539–0.805 ppm). At sublethal concentrations, Cu significantly decreased survival and growth, and increased Cu accumulation started from concentration of 0.167 ppm. Bioaccumulation of Cu started from the highest were in liver, gills, skin and flesh, respectively. Decreased of erythrocytes, haemoglobin and hematocrit indicated anemia, while increased of leukocytes indicated infection and physical stress on the body tissues.
Keywords: copper toxicity, haematological, bioaccumulation, Siam-catfish juvenile
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat toksisitas akut (LC50) dan menganalisis pengaruh Cu terhadap sintasan, pertumbuhan, kondisi hematologi, dan akumulasi Cu pada juvenil ikan patin siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) pada kondisi subletal. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah lima perlakuan konsentrasi dengan dua ulangan untuk menentukan LC50. Konsentrasi Cu yang digunakan adalah 0; 0,2; 0,7; 1,2; dan 1,7 ppm. Pemeliharaan subletal menggunakan empat variasi konsentrasi dengan tiga ulangan. Konsentrasi Cu yang digunakan adalah 0; 0,167; 0,334; dan 0,667 ppm. Ikan uji yang digunakan memiliki panjang total rata-rata 11,0±1,7 cm dan berat 13,00±1,72 g. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Cu sangat toksik terhadap juvenil P. hypophthalmus dengan nilai LC50-96 jam sebesar 0,667 ppm (0,539–0,805 ppm). Pada konsentrasi subletal, Cu berpengaruh nyata terhadap penurunan sintasan dan pertumbuhan serta menyebabkan peningkatan akumulasi Cu mulai pada konsentrasi 0,167 ppm. Bioakumulasi Cu secara berurutan mulai dari yang tertinggi yaitu pada hati, insang, kulit dan daging. Penurunan eritrosit, hemoglobin dan hematokrit menunjukkan terjadinya anemia, sementara peningkatan jumlah leukosit menunjukkan infeksi dan stres fisik pada jaringan tubuh.
Kata kunci: toksisitas tembaga, hematologi, bioakumulasi, bioakumulasi, sintasan, juvenil patin siam
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