The comparative studies of Borneo plant extracts to increases vaccine efficacy in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

  • Esti Handayani Hardi Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
  • Komsanah Sukarti Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
  • Maulina Agriandini Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
  • Irawan Wijaya Kusuma Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
  • Rudi Agung Nugroho Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.19027/jai.17.2.158-167

Abstract

ABSTRACT

 

This study was investigated the adjuvant effect of Boesenbergia pandurata (BP), Zingiber zerumbet (ZZ), Solanum ferox (SF) on protection of tilapia with injection Pseudomonas sp. (Pseumulvacc) vaccination. The extract concentrations of BP (600 mg/L), ZZ (200 mg/L), and SF (900 mg/L) were combined with the vaccine, ratio between vaccine and extract was 1:1. Tilapia fish (weight 15 g) were intraperitoneally injected with vaccine mix the extract and challenged at days 7 (d7), 14 (d14), and 21 (d21) post vaccination through intramuscular injection with Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens (105 CFU/mL each pathogen bacteria). The results shown that the fish with BP+V were found in fin rot at d14 days challenge.  The same symptoms was found in ZZ+V at d14 challenge as much 11.11% and 42.86%. while, in the vaccine groups (V), after the challenge, tilapia were found fin rot and darkness color until the last experiment. The BP+V and SF+ZZ+V groups shown reducing the number of bacteria in the fish body after challenge test on d7, d14, and d 21. The efficacy of Pseumulvacc vaccine has increased after its administration with BP (BP+V) on day 7 and day 14 after challenge (90%) and 100% at the time of challenge test d21. The conclusion is B. pandurata extract might be a promising adjuvant candidate for fish vaccination, and B. pandurata extract is the best plants as an adjuvant that mixed with the vaccine to against A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens infection.

 

Keywords: Adjuvant, plant extract, vaccine, fish pathogen bacteria

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek adjuvan dari ekstrak tanaman temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata/BP), lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet/ZZ), dan terung asam (Solanum ferox/SF) pada ikan nila yang diberikan bersama dengan vaksin bakteri Pseudomonas sp. (Pseumulvacc) melalui injeksi. Dosis yang digunakan yaitu ekstrak BP 600 mg/L, ZZ 200 mg/L, dan SF 900 mg/L, dengan rasio antara vaksin dan ekstrak adalah 1:1. Pengujian diawali dengan menginjeksi ikan nila (bobot tubuh 15 g) melalui intraperitoneal dengan campuran vaksin dan ekstrak tanaman, dilanjutkan dengan uji tantang pada hari 7 (d7), 14 (d14) dan 21 (d21) pascavaksinasi dengan bakteri gabungan Aeromonas hydrophila dan Pseudomonas fluorescens (kepadatan bakteri masing-masing 105 CFU/mL) melalui intramuskular. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ikan yang diberi vaksin dengan penambahan ekstrak BP (BP+V) masih ditemukan mengalami sirip gripis pada waktu uji tantang hari ke 14, gejala serupa juga ditemukan pada pemberian vaksin yang dicampur dengan ZZ (ZZ+V) pada waktu uji tantang d14, sebesar 11.11 % dan 42.86%. Sedangkan ikan yang diberi vaksin tanpa campuran ekstrak (V) masih ditemukan ikan mengalami sirip gripis dan warna menghitam pada waktu uji tantang d14. Pada perlakuan BP+V dan SF+ZZ+V mampu mengurangi jumlah bakteri di dalam tubuh ikan nila pasca uji tantang d7, d14 dan d21, dan jumlahnya lebih rendah dibandingkan  dengan perlakuan lainnya. Efikasi vaksin Pseumulvacc mengalami peningkatan pada BP+V pada hari 7 dan hari 14 pasca ujitantang mencapai 90%, dan 100% pada waktu uji tantang d21. Semakin lama waktu uji tantang (d21), berdampak pada tingkat perlindungan vaksin plus ekstrak yang makin tinggi dibandingkan dengan waktu uji tantang pada hari d7 dan d14. Ekstrak B. pandurata adalah tanaman terbaik sebagai adjuvan yang penggunaannya dicampur dengan vaksin untuk penanggulangan infeksi bakteri A.hydrophila dan P. fluorescens.

 

Kata kunci: Adjuvan, ekstrak tanaman, vaksin, patogen pada ikan

 

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Published
2018-07-30
How to Cite
[1]
HardiE.H., SukartiK., AgriandiniM., KusumaI.W. and NugrohoR.A. 2018. The comparative studies of Borneo plant extracts to increases vaccine efficacy in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia. 17, 2 (Jul. 2018), 158-167. DOI:https://doi.org/10.19027/jai.17.2.158-167.
Issue
Vol. 17 No. 2 (2018): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Section
Articles

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