Peluang Usaha Biochar Jerami Padi Bagi UKM Perdesaan Melalui Bisnis Sirkular Berbasis Petani
Keywords:
jerami padi, biochar, kesehatan tanah, UKM desa, bisnis sirkularAbstract
Rice straw is a source of carbon and nutrients for soil. However, straw has a large volume with low bulk density, is seasonal in availability, and is difficult to collect within a short period. Processing surplus straw into biochar has the potential to improve soil properties, support rice productivity, and reduce methane emissions compared to incorporating fresh straw under flooded conditions. The processing chain also opens opportunities for village-level SMEs in activities such as collection, drying, carbonization, quality control, packaging, transportation, marketing, and application services. This article employs a narrative review combined with lessons learned from Indonesian experience in straw management, biomass aggregation, farmer-group organic fertilizer enterprises, and village-owned enterprises (BUMDes). The synthesis results show that the benefits of biochar are influenced by soil conditions, feedstock quality, pyrolysis temperature, application dose, nitrogen and water management, logistics costs, and business organizational capacity. The proposed model is a local business network: straw needs for soil and local use are met first; only verified surplus is processed; a portion of the biochar is returned to the land; while product and service sales finance labor, maintenance, working capital, and farmer benefits. This model has not yet been validated as a commercial enterprise and therefore requires further testing through field trials, unit economics calculations, market testing, and gradual institutional evaluation.
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