Strategi Komunikasi dalam Gerakan Penolakan Isu Relokasi dan Penutupan Pulau Komodo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46937/19202137066Kata Kunci:
Advokasi, Strategi Komunikasi, Taman Nasional Komodo, SPEAKING, StakeholderAbstrak
Taman Nasional Komodo (TNK) sebagai kawasan konservasi dan kawasan strategis pariwisata nasional (KSPN) melibatkan beragam aktor/stakeholder dengan peran dan kepentingan yang berbeda dalam pengelolaannya. Analisis komunikasi merupakan hal penting untuk menciptakan kondisi saling pengertian, sehingga pengelolaan TNK dapat memberikan manfaat bagi semua pihak. Tahun 2019, Gubernur Nusa Tenggara Timur mewacanakan relokasi masyarakat dan penutupan Pulau Komodo, kemudian menimbulkan ketegangan hubungan dengan berbagai pihak. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi komunikasi masyarakat dalam gerakan penolakan isu relokasi masyarakat dan penutupan Pulau Komodo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam, analisis peristiwa dan metode SPEAKING Hymes. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kelompok stakeholder berdasarkan tingkatan pengaruh dan kepentingannya, yaitu crowd, context setter, subject dan key player. Studi ini juga menunjukkan bahwa strategi komunikasi yang dilakukan masyarakat dengan stakeholder lain mayoritas secara dialogis sebagai bentuk advokasi. Peristiwa komunikasi yang dianalisis menunjukkan masyarakat mampu mencapai kepentingannya, namun diperlukan upaya besar dan pengerahan seluruh kekuatan kolektif masyarakat.
Unduhan
Referensi
Bessette, G. (2006). Facilitating dialogue, learning and participation in natural resource management. In G. Bessette (Ed.), People, Land and Water: Participatory Development Communication for Natural Resources Management. London: Earthscan. https://doi.org/10.1080/15330150590934480
Bonsu, N. O., McMahon, B. J., Meijer, S., Young, J. C., Keane, A., & Dhubháin, Á. N. (2019). Conservation conflict: Managing forestry versus hen harrier species under Europe’s Birds Directive. Journal of Environmental Management, 252(April). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109676
Bryant, R. L., & Bailey, S. (1997). Thrid World Political Ecology. London: Routledge.
BTNK. (2019). Data dan Informasi Kajian Kemungkinan Penutupan Sementara Pulau Komodo di Taman Nasional Komodo. Labuan Bajo.
Cangara, H. (2014). Perencanaan Strategi Komunikasi (2nd ed.). Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo.
Cox, T. R., Butler, J. R. A., Webber, A. D., & Young, J. C. (2020). The ebb and flow of adaptive co-management: A longitudinal evaluation of a conservation conflict. Environmental Science and Policy, 114, 453–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.09.017
Dale, C. J. P. (2020, March 12). Pariwisata Super Premium dan Penguasaan Sumber Daya di Flores. Indoprogress. Retrieved from https://indoprogress.com/2020/03/pariwisata-super-premium-dan-penguasaan-sumber-daya-di-flores/
Eden, C., & Ackermann, F. (2007). Making Strategy: The Journey of Strategic Management. European Journal of Operational Research, 176(2), 1294–1297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2006.02.002
Freeman. (2015). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139192675
Glasbergen, P. (1995). Managing Environmental Disputes: Network Management as an Alternative. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Grimble, R. (1998). Stakeholder Methodologies in Natural Resource Management. Chatam: Natural Resource Institute. Retrieved from http://www.nri.org/publications/bpg/bpg02.pdfk
Henscke, R., & Wijaya, C. (2019). The Fight for Dragon Island.
Hodgson, I. D., Redpath, S. M., Fischer, A., & Young, J. (2019). Who knows best? Understanding the use of research-based knowledge in conservation conflicts. Journal of Environmental Management, 231(September 2018), 1065–1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.023
Hymes, D. (1974). Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach. Philadephia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Juerges, N., Leahy, J., & Newig, J. (2020). A typology of actors and their strategies in multi-scale governance of wind turbine conflict within forests. Land Use Policy, 96(May 2019), 104691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104691
Kusumedi, P., & Rizal HB, A. (2010). Analisis Stakeholder Dan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kph Model Maros Di Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan, 7(3), 179–193. https://doi.org/10.20886/jakk.2010.7.3.179-193
Lubis, S. (2018). Komunikasi Dialogis Landasan Masyarakat Demokrasi. CommuniquE, I(1), 1–6.
MacKeracher, T., Diedrich, A., Gurney, G. G., & Marshall, N. (2018). Who trusts whom in the Great Barrier Reef? Exploring trust and communication in natural resource management. Environmental Science and Policy, 88(February), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.06.010
Madden, F., & McQuinn, B. (2014). Conservation’s blind spot: The case for conflict transformation in wildlife conservation. Biological Conservation, 178(2014), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.07.015
Margles, S. W., Peterson, R. B., Ervin, J., & Kaplin, B. A. (2010). Conservation without borders: Building communication and action across disciplinary boundaries for effective conservation. Environmental Management, 45(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9383-8
Nurrochmat, D. R., Darusman, D., & Ekayani, M. (2006). Kebijakan Pembangunan Kehutanan dan Lingkungan: Teori dan Implementasi. Bogor: IPB Press.
ODA. (1995). Guidance note on how to do stakeholder analysis of AID project and programmes.
Okazaki, E. (2008). A community-based tourism model: Its conception and use. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(5), 511–529. https://doi.org/10.2167/jost782.0
Perpres. Peraturan Presiden Nomor 38 Tahun 2018 tentang Badan Otorita Pengelola Kawasan Pariwisata Labuan Bajo Flores, Pub. L. No. Perpres No 38/2018 (2018).
PP. Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 50 Tahun 2011 tentang Rencana Induk Pembangunan Kepariwisataan Nasional (2011). Indonesia.
Reed, M. S., Graves, A., Dandy, N., Posthumus, H., Hubacek, K., Morris, J., … Stringer, L. C. (2009). Who’s in and why? A typology of stakeholder analysis methods for natural resource management. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(5), 1933–1949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.001
Rosary, E. de. (2019, July 31). Ini Dampak Rencana Penutupan Pulau Komodo Bagi Warga dan Wisatawan. Mongabay.
Roslinda, E., Darusman, D., Suharjito, D., & Nurrochmat, D. R. (2012). Stakeholders analysis on the management of danau sentarum national park kapuas hulu regency, West Kalimantan. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 18(2), 78–85. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.18.2.78
Sabir, L. O., Avenzora, R., & Winarno, G. D. (2018). Persepsi Stakeholder untuk Pembangunan Ekowisata di Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo. Media Konservasi, 23(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.29244/medkon.23.1.1-8
Sarwoprasodjo, S. (2009). Efektivitas Iklan Politik Humas Departemen Pertanian: Politik Pencitraan atau Pembentukan Ruang Publik? Sodality: Jurnal Transdisiplin Sosiologi, Komunikasi, Dan Ekologi Manusia, 03(03), 283–298.
Satria, A. (2009). Pesisir dan Laut untuk Rakyat. Bogor: IPB Press.
Satria, A., Muthohharoh, N. H., Suncoko, R. A., & Muflikhati, I. (2017). Seaweed farming, property rights, and inclusive development in coastal areas. Ocean and Coastal Management, 150, 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.09.009
Scheffran, J. (2006). Tools for stakeholder assessment and interaction. In S. Stoll-Kleemann & M. Welp (Eds.), Stakeholder Dialogues in Natural Resources Management: Theory and Practice (p. 386). Berlin: Springer.
Silalahi, U. (2009). Metode Penelitian Sosial. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama.
Strzelecka, M., Rechciński, M., Tusznio, J., Akhshik, A., & Grodzińska-Jurczak, M. (2021). Environmental justice in Natura 2000 conservation conflicts: The case for resident empowerment. Land Use Policy, 107, 105494. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105494.
Susilo, M. E., Prayudi, & Erawati, H. (2016). Pendekatan Stakeholders Engagement dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 14(2), 122–135.
Tufte, T., & Mefalopulos, P. (2009). Participatory communication: A practical guide.
UU. Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 Tentang Konservasi Sumberdaya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya (1990). Indonesia.
Wacana penutupan Taman Nasional Komodo : Apakah Pulau Komodo dan Labuan Bajo menghadapi ancaman pariwisata massal? (2019, July 22). BBC News Indonesia.
Warga Labuan Bajo Demo Tolak Rencana Penutupan Pulau Komodo. (2019, July 17). Kompas.Com.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Copyright Notice
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors contributing to Jurnal Komunikasi Pembangunan retain copyright to their articles but agree to publish them under a a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial- ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA)
2. Authors retain the copyright to their work. Users may read, copy and distribute the work in any form, provided the authors and the journal are appropriately credited or cited.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their articles, after publication, to personal and/or institutional websites and to archive their articles in institutional or funder repositories to insure even greater public access. Supplementary material should also be included when applicable. In addition, authors are permitted to post pre-print versions of their articles to institutional websites, repositories and similar (on the condition that all bibliographic information is also provided). However, authors are not allowed to send their manuscript to other scientific journals once it has been decided to be reviewed by reviewers at Jurnal Komunikasi Pembangunan (Jurnal KMP).
Read our instruction for authors for more information.
