Strategi Pertahanan Negara dalam Menghadapi Polarisasi Digital pada Pemilu 2024 di Indonesia
Keywords:
digital disinformation, national defense, conflict resolution, social polarization, 2024 electionAbstract
Digital transformation has shifted Indonesia’s national security landscape from conventional threats to non-traditional information-based threats. During the 2024 General Election, social media became the primary arena of political contestation marked by the massive spread of hoaxes, digital propaganda, hate speech, and social polarization. This study aims to analyze how digital disinformation affected social polarization during the 2024 Election and how national defense strategies can be reconstructed through peace and conflict resolution approaches. The study employs a literature review method using a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach by examining scientific journals, government reports, and academic documents related to disinformation, national security, and social conflict. The findings indicate that digital disinformation during the 2024 Election intensified identity politics, increased social fragmentation, and heightened the potential for horizontal conflicts. From the perspective of non-traditional security, disinformation constitutes a hybrid threat targeting the psychological and social dimensions of society through public opinion manipulation. This study finds that coercive-oriented national defense approaches alone are insufficient in addressing digital disinformation threats. More effective strategies require the integration of social resilience, digital literacy, collaborative defense, digital conflict mediation, and cyber peacebuilding. This research emphasizes that human security and conflict resolution approaches are essential components of national defense strategies in the digital era to maintain social stability and national cohesion.
References
Anugerah, B. “Urgensi Pengelolaan Pendengung (Buzzer) melalui Kebijakan Publik guna Mendukung Stabilitas Politik di Indonesia.” Jurnal Lemhannas RI 8, no. 3 (2020): 155–171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v8i3.340
Danaditya, Adya, Lynnette Hui Xian Ng, dan Kathleen M. Carley. “From Curious Hashtags to Polarized Effect: Profiling Coordinated Actions in Indonesian Twitter Discourse.” arXiv (2022).
Duile, T., dan S. Tamma. “Political Language and Fake News: Some Considerations from the 2019 Election in Indonesia.” Indonesia and the Malay World 49, no. 143 (2021): 82–105.
Firdaus, Sikma Umbara Tirda, dan Hasbullah. “Disinformasi dan Polarisasi Politik di Media Sosial.” Aspirasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Negara 6, no. 2 (2025). DOI: https://doi.org/10.53712/aspirasi.v6i2.2644
Galtung, Johan. Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization. London: Sage Publications, 1996.
Jatnika, Dyana Chusnulitta, Wandi Adiansah, dan Dimas Dwiki Jatnika. “Teknologi Digital dalam Upaya Mediasi Konflik Sosial: Kajian Literatur Naratif.” Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik, 2025. Vol. 7 (1) : 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkrk.v7i1.60615
Mulyadi, Azmi Fitrisia, dan Siti Fatimah. “Peran Teori Ilmiah dalam Menyikapi Disinformasi dan Polarisasi Sosial.” Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai 9, no. 2 (2025).
MAFINDO. Hoaks di Indonesia Tahun 2022. Jakarta: MAFINDO, 2023.
Nazarina, Ameylia, dkk. “Peran Pendidikan Literasi Digital dalam Bela Negara.” Didaktik 11, no. 4 (2025). DOI:10.24815/riwayat.v9i1.456
Nurdin, Reskiyanti. “Trolls, Disinformasi, dan Strategi Kampanye.” Electoral Governance Jurnal Tata Kelola Pemilu Indonesia (2025). Vol. 6 (1).
Prasasti, G. D. “Kominfo: 1.615 Isu Hoaks Beredar di Situs Web dan Platform Digital pada 2023.” Liputan6, 3 Januari 2024. Kominfo: 1.615 Isu Hoaks Beredar di Situs Web dan Platform Digital pada 2023
Sarjito, Aris. “Hoaks, Disinformasi, dan Ketahanan Nasional: Ancaman Teknologi Informasi dalam Masyarakat Digital Indonesia.” Journal of Governance and Local Politics 6, no. 2 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.47650/jglp.v6i2.1547
Sarts, J. “Disinformation as a Threat to National Security.” Dalam Disinformation and Fake News, 23–33, 2021.
UNDP. Human Development Report 1994. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Vosoughi, S., D. Roy, dan S. Aral. “The Spread of True and False News Online.” Science 359, no. 6380 (2018): 1146–1151.
Walt, Stephen M. “The Renaissance of Security Studies.” International Studies Quarterly 35, no. 2 (1991): 211–239.
Wardle, Claire, dan Hossein Derakhshan. Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policymaking. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2017.
Yusoff, Muhammad. Digital Conflict and Social Polarization in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Springer, 2021.
Zartman, I. William. Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding in Digital Society. New York: Routledge, 2020.
