Penggunaan Indeks Vegetasi Berbasis Citra Multispektral Drone Untuk Deteksi Kondisi Pertumbuhan Padi Sawah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jitl.27.2.115-122Kata Kunci:
drone, NDWI, NDVI, NDRE, pemantauan sawahAbstrak
Deteksi kondisi tanaman padi sawah beririgasi penting dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi kegagalan panen akibat kekeringan dan banjir. Namun pengamatan kondisi padi sawah secara konvensional menyisakan permasalahan kompleks seperti bias pengamat, data berbasis titik, dan cakupan pengamat yang terbatas. Pengamatan dengan bantuan teknologi kamera multispektral (MS) menggunakan wahana tanpa awak (UAV/Drone) dapat membantu mengatasi masalah-masalah di atas, meskipun penerapannya belum banyak dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas tiga indeks vegetasi NDWI, NDVI, and NDREberbasis citra mutispektral berbasis drone dalam memantau kondisi tanaman padi serta mendeteksi dampak kekeringan dan penggenangan terhadap pertumbuhannya. Pengamatan dilakukan tiga kali pada fase vegetatif (10 HST, generatif (45 HST), dan pematangan (80 HST) terhadap padi varietas Ciherang dan IR64. Tanaman padi diberi perlakuan pengairan yaitu pengeringan, penggenangan, dan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks NDRE memiliki respon terhadap vegetasi yang kurang baik pada pertumbuhan fase vegetatif, tetapi meningkat lebih baik pada fase pertumbuhan generatif dan pematangan. Sementara itu, pertumbuhan gulma di antara tanaman padi menunjukkan pengaruh terhadap nilai NDVI dan NDWI terutama di perlakuan kering, sehingga nilai tersebut kurang dapat diandalkan.
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Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University
