EVALUASI SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA TANAH SEBAGAI INDIKATOR KESIAPAN LAHAN UNTUK REPLANTING KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Yasir Hadi Irfan; Silvia Nora; Mahmudah

doi:10.29244/jitl.28.2.53-58

Authors

Yasir Hadi Irfan Program Studi Teknologi Produksi Tanaman Perkebunan, Jurusan Perkebunan, Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian Medan, Jl. Binjai KM 10, Tromol Pos 18, Paya Geli, Kec. Sunggal, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara 20002, Indonesia
Silvia Nora Program Studi Teknologi Produksi Tanaman Perkebunan, Jurusan Perkebunan, Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian Medan, Jl. Binjai KM 10, Tromol Pos 18, Paya Geli, Kec. Sunggal, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara 20002, Indonesia
Mahmudah Program Studi Teknologi Produksi Tanaman Perkebunan, Jurusan Perkebunan, Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian Medan, Jl. Binjai KM 10, Tromol Pos 18, Paya Geli, Kec. Sunggal, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara 20002, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29244/jitl.28.2.53-58

Keywords:

oil palm, pre-replanting land, soil chemical properties, soil fertility, soil physical properties

Abstract

Oil palm is a strategic plantation commodity whose productivity is strongly influenced by soil conditions. Continuous land utilization throughout a planting cycle can degrade soil quality and potentially impede the growth and development of plants during the subsequent replanting phase. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of soil in oil palm plantations prior to replanting as a basis for formulating soil fertility management recommendations. The research was conducted from January to February 2026 at PT Abdi Budi Mulia (Teluk Panji I Estate, Division III) using a survey method with a quantitative approach. Sampling points were determined using a diagonal pattern of nine points per planting block. Disturbed soil samples were collected at a depth of 0–20 cm from five planting blocks and subsequently composited by block, whereas undisturbed samples were collected using ring samplers; all samples were analyzed in the laboratory. The parameters evaluated included bulk density, soil texture, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, soil pH (H₂O), and the C/N ratio. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that bulk density across all planting blocks was classified as moderate (0.83–0.98 g cm⁻³). The dominant soil textures were sandy loam and sandy clay loam. Chemical analyses revealed organic carbon levels ranging from moderate to very high (2.93–5.64%), total nitrogen from low to moderate (0.14–0.26%), available phosphorus from very low to low (5.38–11.82 ppm), exchangeable potassium from low to moderate (0.20–0.51 me/100g), soil pH from acidic to slightly acidic (5.1–6.0), and C/N ratios from high to very high (20.4–25.1%). The low availability of phosphorus and nitrogen, coupled with acidic soil conditions, underscores the necessity of restoring soil fertility through balanced fertilization tailored to crop requirements.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alfarizi, T., Khalil, M., & Yusnizar, Y. (2023). Kajian stok karbon organik dan nitrogen total tanah pada beberapa jenis tanaman penutup tanah di kebun kelapa sawit PT. Perkebunan Nusantara I Kota Langsa. Rona Teknik Pertanian, 16(2), 194–203. https://doi.org/10.17969/rtp.v16i2.34349

Anindita, M., Sulakhudin, S., & Agustine, L. (2024). Analisis beberapa sifat kimia tanah Ultisol pada lahan kelapa sawit di Desa Kelompu Kecamatan Kembayan Kabupaten Sanggau. Jurnal Sains Pertanian Equator, 13(4), 1116–1125. https://doi.org/10.26418/jspe.v13i4.71088

Ardiyansyah, W., Aryanti, E., & Rahmadhani, E. (2023). Kualitas kimia kompos bahan asal serasah daun dan serbuk gergaji. Seminar Nasional Ketahanan Pangan, 1, 183–192.

Aswan, N., Fadhillah, Y., Noor, M., & Siregar, H. (2023). Clusterisasi kabupaten/kota di Sumatera Utara berdasarkan luas tanam dan hasil produksi kelapa sawit. EDUSAINS: Journal of Education and Science, 1(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.57255/edusain.v1i1.248

Azahari, D. H., & Sukarman. (2023). Impact of chemical fertilizer on soil fertility of oil palm plantations in relation to productivity and environment. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1243(1), 012020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1243/1/012020

Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. (2025). Statistik Tanaman Perkebunan Tahunan Indonesia 2025. Badan Pusat Statistik. Jakarta.

Batubara, F. S., Ulina, E. S., Chairuman, N., Tobing, J. M., Aryati, V., Manurung, E. D., Purba, H. F., & Parhusip, D. (2024). Evaluasi status hara makro nitrogen, fosfor dan kalium di lahan sawah irigasi Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Agrikultura, 35(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v35i1.50844

Bhatt, M. K., Labanya, R., & Joshi, H. C. (2019). Influence of long-term chemical fertilizers and organic manures on soil fertility - A review. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(5), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujar.2019.070502

Fadhly, Z., & Hazriani, R. (2024). Pemetaan karakteristik fisika tanah pada beberapa penggunaan lahan di Desa Pak Bulu Kabupaten Mempawah. Jurnal Pertanian Agros, 26(4), 1792–1800. http://dx.doi.org/10.37159/jpa.v26i4.4846

Fahlevi, R., & Listiawati, A. (2022). Pengaruh berbagai kompos limbah kelapa sawit terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman lobak pada tanah overburden. Jurnal Sains Pertanian Equator, 11(2), 195–200.

Ferry, M., Asmadi, S., & Yulfita, F. (2024). Evaluasi status kesuburan tanah di masa replanting perkebunan kelapa sawit pada tanah mineral Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 11(1), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2024.011.1.3

Fransiskus, M., Mansuestus, R., Pebriana Vian, G., Oskar, O., Dara Fortunata, S., & P, N. (2024). Optimisasi sistem pengambilan keputusan untuk penentuan dosis herbisida di perkebunan kelapa sawit PT NSA (Studi Kasus Darit). Jurnal Komunikasi, Sains dan Teknologi, 3(1), 242–250. https://doi.org/10.61098/jkst.v3i1.90

Gilang, M., Hazriani, R., & Rasyid, A. (2024). Evaluasi Sifat Fisika Tanah Pada Beberapa Umur Tanaman Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah, 12(1), 45–52.

Ginting, C. (2024). Manajemen Nutrisi Kelapa Sawit (A. Helmi & H. Maulana, Eds.). Instiper Press. Sleman.

Hamdan, A., Suryanto, & Haryanto. (2023). Pengaruh dekomposisi bahan organik terhadap perubahan keasaman tanah mineral. Jurnal Tanah dan Lingkungan, 25(1), 12–19.

Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. (2019). Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Republik Indonesia Nomor 07 Tentang Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia, Penelitian dan Pengembangan, Peremajaan, Serta Sarana dan Prasarana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. BPK RI.

Pradana, F. G., Hazriani, R., & Manurung, R. (2025). Evaluasi kesuburan tanah untuk replanting kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) di Desa Belonsat, Kecamatan Belimbing, Kabupaten Melawi. Jurnal Sains Pertanian Equator, 14(4), 933–940. https://doi.org/10.26418/jspe.v14i4.96074

Pratama, A., Lestari, S., & Wibowo, A. (2020). Hubungan bahan organik terhadap ketersediaan hara kalium pada tanah perkebunan. Jurnal Agroteknologi Tropika, 8(2), 101–109.

Ritung, S., Nugroho, K., Mulyani, A., & Suryani, E. (2011). Petunjuk Teknis Evaluasi Lahan untuk Komoditas Pertanian. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Bogor.

Salsabila, N., Anggraini, F. K. A., & Prihandono, T. (2025). Analisis sifat fisika tanah (tekstur, bobot isi, dan permeabilitas) pada perkebunan kakao Jatirono Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan, 27(2), 70–73. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitl.27.2.70-73

Santari, P. T., Amin, M., & Mulyawan, R. (2021). Perbaikan sifat tanah pada lahan berpasir dengan pemberian pupuk kandang dan pupuk hayati. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-9, Palembang, 854–862.

Saputra, M. N. R., Putra, D. P., & Suryanti, S. (2026). Analisis status kandungan bahan organik dan produktivitas lahan di perkebunan kelapa sawit. AGROFORETECH, 4(1), 272–280.

Sloot, M., Kleijn, D., de Deyn, G. B., & Limpens, J. (2022). Carbon to nitrogen ratio and quantity of organic amendment interactively affect crop growth and soil mineral N retention. Crop and Environment, 1(3), 161–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2022.08.001

Sutarman, & Miftakhurrohmat. (2019). Analisis Kesuburan Tanah dan Rekomendasi Pemupukan. UMSIDA Press. Sidoarjo.

Suwarno, J. B., & Dharmawati, N. D. (2025). Pemberian Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) terhadap sifat fisik lahan pasir di perkebunan kelapa sawit. AGROFORETECH, 3(2), 1263–1270

Syaputra, F., Mardu Hartati, R., & Yuniasih, B. (2025). Stok karbon pada berbagai umur kelapa sawit perkebunan kelapa sawit. Agroista Jurnal Agroteknologi, 9(2), 82–88. https://doi.org/10.55180/agi.v9i2.2208

Ulfa, N., Yulnafatmawita, & Rasyidin, A. (2024). Kajian sifat fisika tanah pada beberapa umur tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) rakyat di Nagari Ladang Panjang Kabupaten Pasaman, Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Agrikultura, 35(2), 365–376. https://doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v35i2.55692

Zega, D., & Novita. (2024). Pengaruh tekstur dan struktur tanah terhadap distribusi air dan udara di profil tanah. Ilmu Pertanian dan Perikanan, 2(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.70134/penarik.v1i2.52

Zhao, J., Elmore, A. J., Lee, J. S. H., Numata, I., Zhang, X., & Cochrane, M. A. (2023). Replanting and yield increase strategies for alleviating the potential decline in palm oil production in Indonesia. Agricultural Systems, 210, 103714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103714