Ecological Index and Aboveground Biomass Carbon Value on Burn SwampForests After Rehabilitation
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Submitted
July 8, 2025
Accepted
October 16, 2025
Published
November 25, 2025
Keywords:
-
ecological quantitative, peat swamp forest, biomass carbon, rehabilitation
Abstract
Rehabilitation efforts were conducted in 2018 and 2020 to restore, maintain, and enhance forest and land functions following the 2015 fire on forest area with special purpose (KHDTK) Tumbang Nusa, Central Kalimantan. This study aims to determine the characteristics of stand structure, quantitative ecological values, aboveground biomass values, and preliminary projections of rehabilitation plant valuation in post-fire peat forest ecosystems. Study area was conducted in two rehabilitation blocks in 5 and 7 years old after rehabilitation. Vegetation analysis employed a nested sampling method, utilizing a plot size of 60 x 60 m, with Block I contain three plots (27 subplots) and Block II containing eight plots (72 subplots). Vegetation inventory and four carbon pool measurements were carried out on the understorey, seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees. The stand density value in Block I is 379 stems ha–1 with a basal area of 21.18 m2 ha–1 , while in Block II it is 503 stems ha–1 and 11.27 m2 ha–1 . The stands have good ecological value and stable vegetation, with a medium-scale species diversity level (H' = 1.53–2.80), a low-scale species dominance level (D = 0.10–0.42), commonly a high species richness value (R = 3.07–6.01), and medium to high species evenness values. The composition of rehabilitation plants are similar, but Block I has a higher proportional basal area of 3.72%. The projection of aboveground carbon biomass is 70.7 ton ha–1 and 77.7 ton ha–1 , respectively. As a preliminary study, the effectiveness of the rehabilitation valuation approach can be assessed by the productivity and quantitative ecology.
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References
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31. Swails, E., Frolking, S., Deng, J. et al. Degradation increases peat greenhouse gas emissions in undrained tropical peat swamp forests. Biogeochemistry 167, 59–74 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-023-01110-2
32. Darusman, T., Lestari, D.P., Arriyadi, D. (2021). Management Practice and Restoration of the Peat Swamp Forest in Katingan-Mentaya, Indonesia. In: Osaki, M., Tsuji, N., Foead, N., Rieley, J. (eds) Tropical Peatland Eco-management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4654-3_13
33. J van Hoeflaken, M Demies and P J van der Meer. Historical data guides restoration of degraded peat swamp forests in Southeast Asia. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 914 012044DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/914/1/012044
2. Nafiah, N.S., Sukri, R.S., Muhammad Y.S.M. Ya’akub, Salwana, M., Jaafar, Metali, F. Contrasting patterns of woody seedlings diversity, abundance and community composition in Bornean heath and peat swamp forests. Mires and Peat, Volume 28 (2022), Article 10, 18 pp., http://www.mires-and-peat.net/, ISSN 1819-754X International Mire Conservation Group and International Peatland Society, DOI: 10.19189/MaP.2021.MEH.StA.2160
3. Neo, L., Wong, K.M., Tan, H.T.W. A synopsis of the endemic plant genera of Borneo. Nordic Journal of Botany, 38(9), 1–41. 2020
4. Dommain, R., Dittrich, I., Giesen, W., Joosten, H., Rais, D.S., Silvius, M., Wibisono, I.T.C. Ecosystem services, degradation and restoration of peat swamps in the South East Asian tropics In: Bonn, A., Allott, T., Evans, M., Joosten, H., Stoneman, R. Peatland Restoration and Ecosystem Services, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2016
5. Balai Penerapan Standar Instrumen Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Banjarbaru. Laporan Pengelolaan Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus Tumbang Nusa. 2024
6. Ministry of Environment and Forestry. 2022. Operational plan Indonesia’s FOLU Net Sink 2023. https://www.menlhk.go.id/uploads/site/post/1647334063.pdf
7. Alhamd, L., Sundari, S., Brearley, F.Q., Rahajoe, J.S. Effects of fire on tree species composition and carbon stocks of a peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Forest Research, 30:1, 42-48, DOI:10.1080/13416979.2024.2389990. 2025
8. Wibisono, I.T.C., Dohong, A. Panduan teknis revegetasi lahan gambut. Badan Restorasi Gambut, Jakarta (2017)
9. Soerianegara, I., dan Indrawan, A. Ekologi Hutan Indonesia. Departemen Manajemen Hutan. Fakultas Kehutanan IPB, Bogor. 1988
10. Mueller-Dombois D, Ellenberg H. Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. New York (USA): John Wiley & Sons (1974)
11. Badan Standardisasi Nasional. Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 7724: 2019 Pengukuran dan penghitungan Cadangan karbon – Pengukuran lapangan untuk penaksiran Cadangan karbon berbasis lahan (land-based carbon accounting). Jakarta. 2019
12. Manuri, M. Brack, C., Nugroho, N.P., Hergoualc’h, K., Novita, N. Dotzauer, H., Verchot, L., Putra, C.A.S., Widyasari, E. Tree biomass equations for tropical peat swamp forest ecosystems in Indonesia. Forest Ecology and Management 334 2014 241–253 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.031
13. Bansal, R. G., Donnet, J. B., & Stoeckly, F. Active Carbon. New York: Marcel Dekker. 1988
14. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Guideliner for National Greenhouse Gas. Volume 4 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use. 2006
15. A. Mattjik and I. M. Sumertajaya, Perancangan Percobaan Dengan Aplikasi SAS Dan Minitab. Bogor: IPB Press, 2000.
16. Susanty, F.H. Study of recovery rates of natural forest stands after logging in East Kalimantan. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 533 (2020) 012015 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/533/1/012015
17. Vetrita, Y.; Cochrane, M.A. Fire frequency and related land-use and land-cover changes in indonesia’s peatlands. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 5
18. Volkova, L.; Krisnawati, H.; Adinugroho, W.C.; Imanuddin, R.; Qirom, M.A.; Santosa, P.B.; Halwany, W.; Weston, C.J. Identifying and addressing knowledge gaps for improving greenhouse gas emissions estimates from tropical peat forest fires. Sci. Total Environ. 2021, 763, 142933
19. Krisnawati, H.; Adinugroho, W.C.; Imanuddin, R.; Weston, C.J.; Volkova, L. Carbon balance of tropical peat forests at different fire history and implications for carbon emissions. Sci. Total Environ. 2021, 779, 146365
20. Turetsky, M.R.; Benscoter, B.; Page, S.; Rein, G.; van der Werf, G.R.; Watts, A. Global vulnerability of peatlands to fire and carbon loss. Nat. Geosci. 2015, 8, 11–14.
21. Morison, M.; van Beest, C.; Macrae, M.; Nwaishi, F.; Petrone, R. Deeper burning in a boreal fen peatland 1-year post-wildfire accelerates recovery trajectory of carbon dioxide uptake. Ecohydrology 2021
22. UN. CO2 Emissions from Peatlands Degradation. Available online: http://www.Grida.No/resources/12529
23. Volkova, L., Krisnawati, H., Qirom, M.A., Adinugroho, W.C., Imanuddin, R., Hutapea, F.J., McCharty, M.A., Stefano, J.D., Weston, C.J. Fire and tree species diversity in tropical peat swamp forests. For. Ecol. Manag. 529, 120704 (2023)
24. Volkova, L., Adinugroho W.A., Krisnawati, H., Imanuddin, R. Weston, C.J. Loss and Recovery of Carbon in Repeatedly Burned Degraded Peatlands of Kalimantan, Indonesia. Fire 2021, 4, 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire4040064
25. Timm, N.H. Applied Multivariate Analysis. New York (US): Springer-Verlag. 2002
26. Krisnawati, H., Volkova, L., Budiharto, Zamzani, F., Adinugroho, W.C., Qirom, M.A., Weston, C.J. Building capacity for estimating fire emissions from tropical peatlands; a worked example from Indonesia. Scientific Reports | (2023) 13:14355 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40894-z
27. Pretzsch, H. Density and growth of forest stand revisited. Effect of the temporal scale of observation, site quality and thinning. For Ecol.Manage Vol.460 Januari p 117879. 2020 doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117879
28. Krisnawati, H., Adinugroho, W. C., Imanuddin, R., Suyoko, W. C. J. & Volkova, L. Carbon balance of tropical peat forests at different fire history and implications for carbon emissions. Sci. Total Environ. 779, 146365. 2021
29. Qirom, M., Yuwati, T., Rachmanadi, D. & Halwany, W. The variation of carbon content and bulk density on different time period post fire and peat depth. IOP Conf. Ser. 886, 012096. 2021
30. Hergoualc’h, K., van Lent, J., Dezzeo, N. et al. Major carbon losses from degradation of Mauritia flexuosa peat swamp forests in western Amazonia. Biogeochemistry 167, 327–345 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-023-01057-4
31. Swails, E., Frolking, S., Deng, J. et al. Degradation increases peat greenhouse gas emissions in undrained tropical peat swamp forests. Biogeochemistry 167, 59–74 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-023-01110-2
32. Darusman, T., Lestari, D.P., Arriyadi, D. (2021). Management Practice and Restoration of the Peat Swamp Forest in Katingan-Mentaya, Indonesia. In: Osaki, M., Tsuji, N., Foead, N., Rieley, J. (eds) Tropical Peatland Eco-management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4654-3_13
33. J van Hoeflaken, M Demies and P J van der Meer. Historical data guides restoration of degraded peat swamp forests in Southeast Asia. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 914 012044DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/914/1/012044
Authors
Sujatmoko, S. (2025) “Ecological Index and Aboveground Biomass Carbon Value on Burn SwampForests After Rehabilitation”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management), 15(6), p. 995. doi:10.29244/jpsl.15.6.995.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sujarwo Sujatmoko, Muhammad Rum, Farida Herry Susanty, Susy Andriani, Mohamad Sopan, Muhammad Abdul Qirom
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How to Cite
Sujatmoko, S. (2025) “Ecological Index and Aboveground Biomass Carbon Value on Burn SwampForests After Rehabilitation”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management), 15(6), p. 995. doi:10.29244/jpsl.15.6.995.
