Physical and chemical characterization of scrub soap enriched with Sargassum polycystum powder Karakteristik fisik dan kimia sabun scrub dengan penambahan serbuk <i>Sargassum polycystum</i>
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antioxidants, characteristics, foam stability, saponification, seaweed
Abstract
The brown seaweed Sargassum polycystum is abundant in Indonesian waters and is rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding S. polycystum powder on the physical and chemical characteristics of scrub soap. Soap was produced using the cold saponification method with four treatments: addition of S. polycystum powder at concentrations of 0, 2, 4, and 6%. The physical characteristics observed included hardness, foam stability, and color, while the chemical characteristics included pH, water content, ethanol-insoluble materials, free fatty acids, and antioxidant activity. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by DMRT. The results showed that the addition of S. polycystum powder significantly affected the color, pH, water content, ethanol-insoluble substances, free fatty acids, and antioxidant activity, but did not significantly affect the foam stability and soap hardness.. The hardness values ranged from 16.38 to 20.99 N, foam stability from 80.46 to 82.75%, lightness (L*) from 44.74 to 76.27, pH from 10.62 to 10.66, water content from 7.01 to 10.62%, ethanol-insoluble matter from 1.21 to 8.36%, and free fatty acids from 1.11 to 1.35%. The best antioxidant activity was achieved with the addition of 6% S. polycystum powder, yielding an IC₅₀ value of 17,383.47 ppm, which was identified as the best overall formulation based on its functional antioxidant properties.
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