The effect of sea cucumber extract (Holothuria atra) on the thickness of dermal and connective tissue fibers in white rat (Rattus norvegicus) skin Pengaruh ekstrak teripang hitam (<i>Holothuria atra</i>) terhadap ketebalan dermis dan serat jaringan ikat pada kulit tikus putih (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>)
Article Sidebar
-
anti-aging, cosmetic, histology, Holothuria atra extract, Rattus norvegicus
Abstract
Skin aging is a biological process characterized by increased covalent cross-linking between collagen units in the dermis, resulting in decreased skin tissue elasticity and structure of skin tissue. Sea cucumbers (Holothuria atra) contain bioactive compounds such as collagen, peptides, and antioxidants that can support skin regeneration and prevent premature aging. Thus, they are potentially used as active ingredients in cosmetics. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the ethanol extract of H. atra on the number of connective tissues fibers and dermis thickness in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). A total of 18 male rats were divided into six groups: untreated control (A) and five treatment groups administered the extract orally for 90 days at doses of 25 (B), 50 (C), 100 (D), 200 (E), and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) (F). Skin samples were histologically and quantitatively analyzed using ImageJ software to calculate the number of connective tissues fibers and dermal thickness. The results showed a significant increase in the number of connective tissues fibers and dermis thickness in the treatment group compared to the control group. These findings support the potential of H. atra as an anti-aging agent in natural cosmetic formulations.
Full text article
References
Alturkistani, H. A., Tashkandi, F. M., & Mohammedsaleh, Z. M. (2016). Histological Stains : a literature review and case study. Global Journal of Health Science, 8(3), 72–79. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n3p72
Andririsnanti, W. A. (2012). Uji manfaat ekstrak kolagen kasar dari Teripang Stichopus hermanii sebagai bahan pelembab kulit. Universitas Indonesia.
Arundina, I., Yuliati, Y., Soesilawati, P., Damaiyanti, D. W., & Maharani, D. (2015). The effects of golden sea cucumber extract (Stichopus hermanii) on the number of lymphocytes during the healing process of traumatic ulcer on wistar rat’s oral mucous. Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi), 48(2), 100. https://doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v48.i2.p100-103
Bordbar, S., Anwar, F., & Saari, N. (2011). High-value components and bioactives from sea cucumbers for functional foods - A review. Marine Drugs, 9(10), 1761–1805. https://doi.org/10.3390/md9101761
Cason, J.E. (1950). A rapid one-step Mallory-Heidenhain stain for connective tissue. Stain Technol. 25(4): 225-6. doi: 10.3109/10520295009110996.
Cui, F. xia, Xue, C. hu, Li, Z. jie, Zhang, Y. qin, Dong, P., Fu, X. yan, & Gao, X. (2007). Characterization and subunit composition of collagen from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Food Chemistry, 100(3), 1120–1125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.11.019
Dewi, A. S., Arumia, M., Samodro, D. A., Fajarningsih, N. D., Patantis, G., Nursid, M., Batubara, I., & Fawzya, Y. N. (2023). Characterization and bioactivities of sequentially-prepared sea cucumber ethanolic extracts and protein hydrolysates. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10498850.2022.2163862
Dewi, A. S., Patantis, G., Khatulistiani, T. S., Nursid, M., Fajarningsih, N. D., Fawzya, Y. N., & Lioe, H. N. (2025). Low molecular weight peptides of black sea cucumber (Holothuria atra) down-regulate MMP-1 in human dermal fibroblasts. Food Bioscience, 68. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106604
Halimatushadyah, E., Da’i, M., & Nursid, M. (2018). Sitotoksisitas dan induksi apoptosis ekstrak etanol teripang Holothuria atra Jaeger, 1833 pada beberapa sel kanker. Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 13(2), 101. https://doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v13i2.536
Hanifaturahmah, F., Dewanti-Hariyadi, R., & Hasanah, U., & Nurilmala, M. (2024). Karakteristik kimia dan aktivitas antioksidan teripang (Holothuria sp.) segar dan olahan secara tradisional di Papua Barat. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 27(4), 309-318. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v27i4.51323
Khatulistiani, T. S., Dewi, A. S., & Patantis, G. (2021). Identifikasi molekuler, analisis profil asam amino, dan asam lemak dari beberapa teripang asal perairan Indonesia. Jurnal Pascapanen Dan Bioteknologi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 16(2), 163. https://doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v16i2.775
Kittiphattanabawon, P., Benjakul, S., Visessanguan, W., Nagai, T., & Tanaka, M. (2005). Characterisation of acid-soluble collagen from skin and bone of bigeye snapper (Priacanthus tayenus). Food Chemistry, 89(3), 363–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.02.042
Li, P.-H., Lu, W.-C., Chan, Y.-J., Ko, W.-C., Jung, C.-C., Huynh, D. T. Le, & Ji, Y.-X. (2019). Extraction and characterization of collagen from sea cucumber ( Holothuria cinerascens ) and its potential application in moisturizing cosmetics. Aquaculture, 515(5), 734590.
Liu, S., Lu, Y., Kurono, M., Matahira, Y., Manabe, Y., & Sugawara, T. (2022). Oral supplementation of sea cucumber and its hydrolysate mitigates ultraviolet A-induced photoaging in hairless mice. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 102(5), 1987–1994. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.11537
Lopez-Hortas, L., Florez-Fernandez, N., Torres, M. D., Ferreira-Anta, T., Casas, M. P., Balboa, E. M., Falque, E., & Domínguez, H. (2021). Applying seaweed compounds in cosmetics, cosmeceuticals and nutricosmetics. Marine Drugs, 19(10), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19100552
Mazumder, B., Lu, M., Rahmoune, H., Fernandez-Villegas, A., Ward, E., Wang, M., Ren, J., Yu, Y., Zhang, T., Liang, M., Li, W., Läubli, N. F., Kaminski, C. F., & Kaminski Schierle, G. S. (2024). Sea cucumber-derived extract can protect skin cells from oxidative DNA damage and mitochondrial degradation, and promote wound healing. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117466
Nursid, M., Marraskuranto, E., Dewi, A. S., Patantis, G., Khatulistiani, T. S., Yeo, Y., & Estuningsih, S. (2025). Subchronic toxicological evaluation of the Holothuria atra extract on the histopathology of digestive organs of rats (Rattus norvegicus). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 15(5), 163–175. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2025.216477
Nursid, M., Patantis, G., Dewi, A. S., Achmad, M. J., Sembodo, P. M., & Estuningsih, S. (2021). Immunnostimulatory activity of Holothuria atra sea cucumber. Pharmacia, 68(1), 121–127. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e58820
Putram, N.M., Setyaningsih, I., Tarman, K., & Nursid, M. (2017). Aktivitas antikanker fraksi aktif teripang. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 20(1), 53-62.
Raed, Z. A. (2013). Extraction and isolation of collagen type I from fish skin. Thesis, University of Otago.
Raimundo, I., Silva, S. G., Costa, R., & Keller-Costa, T. (2018). Bioactive secondary metabolites from octocoral-Associated microbes—New chances for blue growth. Marine Drugs, 16(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/md16120485
Ricard-Blum, S. (2011). The Collagen Family. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 3(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a004978
Szpak, P. (2011). Fish bone chemistry and ultrastructure: Implications for taphonomy and stable isotope analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science, 38(12), 3358–3372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.07.022
Tortora, J. G., & Derrickson, B. (2011). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Maintanance and Continuity of the Human Body 13th Edition (John Wiley & Sons Inc (ed.); 13th ed.).
Wargasetia, T. L., Ratnawati, H., Widodo, N., & Widyananda, M. H. (2023). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) active compounds against KEAP1 and iNOS protein. Bioinformatics and Biology Insights, 17. https://doi.org/10.1177/11779322221149613.
Wen, P.Y., A., Halim, A. S., Mat Saad, A. Z., Mohd Nor, F., & Wan Sulaiman, W. A. (2018). A prospective study evaluating wound healing with sea cucumber gel compared with hydrogel in treatment of skin graft donor sites. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 41, 261–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2018.10.006.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Nursid, Ernie Halimatushadyah, Endar Marraskuranto, Tiara Silva Khatulistiani, Bitara Ugi, Sri Estuningsih
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Article Details
How to Cite
