Association of Vitamin D with Insulin Resistance and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Non-Diabetic Obese Staff: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
This research explored whether vitamin D status is related to Insulin Resistance (IR) and pancreatic β-cell performance among non-diabetic obese employees at Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Insulin resistance and β-cell activity were assessed using the Homeostatic Model Assessment—specifically Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) as an indicator of insulin resistance and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Beta-Cell Function (HOMA-B) to evaluate β-cell function. The study applied a cross-sectional design conducted from January to July 2020 and involved 81 obese hospital staff without diabetes. Measurements included Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Fasting Insulin (FI), and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], all analyzed with automated instruments. HOMA-IR and HOMA-B indices were derived from FBG and FI using standard formulas. Statistical analysis used the Spearman correlation test with a significance threshold of p<0.05, followed by multivariate linear regression. The participants were predominantly female (58%), aged 18–58 years, with a mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 31.46±3.99 kg/m². Average vitamin D levels were 14.84±5.48 ng/mL, while median values for HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were 2.30 and 193.09%, respectively. The results indicated that vitamin D concentrations did not show a meaningful correlation with either HOMA-IR (r=0.071; p=0.530) or HOMA-B (r=−0.106; p=0.347). BMI demonstrated the strongest association with HOMA-IR (β=0.165), and HOMA-IR was the variable most strongly related to HOMA-B (β=21.83). Overall, this study concludes that baseline vitamin D levels are not significantly linked to insulin resistance or pancreatic β-cell function, as reflected by HOMA-IR and HOMA-B measurements, among non-diabetic obese staff at Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital.
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