Subjective Well-Being of Dual Earner Families: An Analysis of Time Management, Family Work Balance, Family Transactions with Their Environment, and Family Friendly Environment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.v10i1.58997Keywords:
family-friendly environment, family transactions, family work balance, subjective well-being, time managementAbstract
The welfare of dual earner families is a challenge along with the potential conflicts and challenges of family transactions with their environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of time management, family work balance, family transactions with their environment, and family-friendly environment on subjective well-being in dual earner families. The cross-sectional study involved 120 wives of dual earner families with school-age children who were selected by simple random sampling from the population in Kelurahan Pasir Jaya and Gunung Batu, Bogor City. The results showed that most of the sample had high subjective well-being and family-friendly environment indices, but had moderate indices of time management, family work conflict, family work balancing strategies, and family transactions with the environment. The PLS test results show that family work balancing strategies and a family-friendly environment have a positive effect on subjective well-being. Time management indirectly affects subjective well-being through family work balancing strategies.
References
Achour, M., Mohd Nor, M. R., & Mohd Yusoff, M. Y. Z. (2015). Work–family demands and subjective well-being among female academicians: The role of muslim religiosity. Review of Religious Research, 57(3), 419–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-015-0221-6
Admadeli, Y. P., & Embu-Worho, P. M. (2021). Family and social environmental factors in the effects on family resilience: A systematic literature review. Proceedings of the International Conference on Psychological Studies (ICPSYCHE 2020), 530(Icpsyche 2020), 223–227. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210423.032
Agiani, P., Nursetiawati, S., & Muhariyati, M. (2015). Analisis manajemen waktu pada ibu bekerja. Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga Dan Pendidikan, 4(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/JKKP.021.05
Aisyah, S. N., Gede Putri, V. U., & Mulyati, M. (2016). Pengaruh manajemen waktu ibu bekerja terhadap kecerdasan emosional anak. JKKP (Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga Dan Pendidikan), 3(1), 38–43. https://doi.org/10.21009/jkkp.031.08
Aivalioti, I., & Pezirkianidis, C. (2020). The Role of Family Resilience on Parental Well-Being and Resilience Levels. Psychology, 11(11), 1705–1728. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2020.1111108
Alifah, A. F., & Anwar, H. (2023). Work-family conflict dan tingkat stres kerja pada ibu bekerja yang mengalami long work hours. PESHUM: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial …, 3(1), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.56799/peshum.v3i1.2650
Ang, S. (2018). Social participation and health over the adult life course: Does the association strengthen with age? Social Science and Medicine, 206, 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.03.042
Azka, F. A., & Ninin, R. H. (2023). Persepsi remaja dengan orang tua yang bekerja mengenai keberfungsian keluarga. Psyche: Jurnal Psikologi, 5(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.36269/psyche.v5i1.1077
Bartoszuk, K., Deal, J. E., & Yerhot, M. (2019). Parents’ and college students’ perceptions of support and family environment. Emerging Adulthood, 9(1), 76–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696818823947
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2022). Indikator kesejahteraan rakyat 2022. BPS RI.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Bogor. (2021). Penduduk menurut kelurahan di Kecamatan Bogor Tengah (jiwa), 2021.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Bogor. (2024a). Garis kemiskinan, jumlah, persentase penduduk miskin, indeks kedalaman dan indeks keparahan kemiskinan di Kota Bogor.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Bogor. (2024b). Kepadatan penduduk.
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Barat. (2023a). Jumlah angkatan kerja menurut kabupaten/kota.
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Barat. (2023b). Jumlah perceraian menurut faktor (orang), 2021. In BPS Jawa Barat.
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Barat. (2023c). Potret sosial budaya Provinsi Jawa Barat 2021. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Barat.
Castro, L., Serrão, C., Rodrigues, A. R., Marina, S., dos Santos, J. P. M., Amorim-Lopes, T. S., Miguel, C., Teixeira, A., & Duarte, I. (2023). Burnout, resilience, and subjective well-being among Portuguese lecturers’ during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1271004
Chen, Y., Li, P., & Yang, C. (2020). Examining the effects of overtime work on subjective social status and social inclusion in the Chinese context. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093265
Christiani, C., Tedjo, P., & Martono, B. (2014). Analisis dampak kepadatan penduduk terhadap kualitas hidup masyarakat Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Serat Acitya, 3(1), 102–114.
Conroy-Beam, D., & Buss, D. M. (2019). Why is age so important in human mating? Evolved age preferences and their influences on multiple mating behaviors. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), 127–157. https://doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000127
Cucuani, H. (2013). Konflik peran ganda: Memahami coping strategi pada wanita bekerja. Jurnal Sosial Budaya, 10(01), 59–68.
Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi. (2022). Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin di Jawa Barat. In Open Data Jabar.
Ehrenberg, M. F., Gearing-Small, M., Hunter, M. A., & Small, B. J. (2001). Childcare task division and shared parenting attitudes in dual-earner families with young children. Family Relations, 50(2), 143–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2001.00143.x
Fajrin, N. P., & Purwastuti, L. A. (2022). Keterlibatan orang tua dalam pengasuhan anak pada dual earner family: sebuah studi literatur. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(4), 2725–2734. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i4.1044
Fala, M., Sunarti, E., & Herawati, T. (2020). Sources of stress, coping strategies, stress symptoms, and marital satisfaction in working wives. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga Dan Konsumen, 13(1), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2020.13.1.25
Fonseca, X., Lukosch, S., & Brazier, F. (2018). Social cohesion revisited: a new definition and how to characterize it. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 32(2), 231–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2018.1497480
Forsberg, L. (2009). Managing time and childcare in dual-earner families: Unforeseen consequences of household strategies. Acta Sociologica, 52(2), 162–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001699309104003
Gärling, T., Krause, K., Gamble, A., & Hartig, T. (2014). Emotional well-being and time pressure. PsyCh Journal, 3(2), 132–143. https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.52
Gea, A. A. (2014). Time management: Menggunakan waktu secara efektif dan efisien. Humaniora, 5(2), 777–785. https://doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v5i2.3133
Hairina, Y., & Fadhila, M. (2019). Dinamika parenting stress dan strategi coping pada ibu bekerja. Psycho Holistic, 1(2), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.35747/ph.v1i2.613
Hanifah, Herawati, T., & Defina, D. (2022). Family Strength in Remote Marriage: Social Support, Coping Strategies, and Their Effects. Journal of Family Sciences, 7(2), 136–150. https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.v7i2.39543
Kemendagri. (2022). Data perkembangan kesejahteraan keluarga.
Madgavkar, A., White, O., Krishnan, M., Mahajan, D., & Azcue, X. (2020). COVID-19 and gender equality: Countering the regressive effects (Issue July). https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/covid-19-and-gender-equality-countering-the-regressive-effects
Masniadi, R. (2012). Analisis pengaruh jumlah penduduk, tabungan, dan investasi terhadap tingkat pendapatan per kapita Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 10(1), 69–80. https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/jep/article/view/3718
Meliani, F., Sunarti, E., & Pranaji, D. K. (2014). Faktor Demografi, Konflik Kerja-Keluarga, dan Kepuasan Perkawinan Istri Bekerja. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga Dan Konsumen, 7(3), 133–142. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2014.7.3.133
Mhando, N. E., & Kayuni, R. (2019). Challenges and coping strategies of employed mothers in a social security scheme in Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Development Studies, 17(2), 96–114. https://journals.udsm.ac.tz/index.php/tjds/article/view/3428/0
Milkie, M. A., Kendig, S. M., Nomaguchi, K. M., & Denny, K. E. (2010). Time with children, children’s well-being, and work-family balance among employed. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(5), 1329–1343.
Nadhifah, L., Puspitawati, H., & Defina, D. (2021). Pembagian peran, tingkat interaksi suami-istri serta pengaruhnya terhadap indeks kebahagiaan keluarga petani pada dua masa. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga Dan Konsumen, 14(2), 116–128. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2021.14.2.116
Natanael, K., Christiana, M., Kalis, I., Daud, I., Rosnani, T., & Fahruna, Y. (2023). Enrichment: Journal of Management Workload and working hours effect on employees work-life balance mediated by work stress. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 13(5). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v13i5.1756
Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400–410. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400
Nikmah, F., Indrianti, T., & Pribadi, J. D. (2021). The Effect of Work Demand, Role Conflict, and Role Ambiguity on Work-Family Conflict (Impact of Work From Home due to The Covid-19 Pandemic). Journal of Family Sciences, 5(2), 92–102. https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.v5i2.32644
Nomaguchi, K., & Milkie, M. A. (2020). Parenthood and Well-Being: A Decade in Review. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(1), 198–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12646
Nurhasanah, Jayadi, A., Akmal, H., Pulungan, Ainun, I., & Zahara, S. (2024). Pengaruh Lingkungan Keluarga Terhadap Kesehatan Mental Anak. Jurnal Review Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 7(3), 4652–4663.
Pardeck, J. T. (1988). An ecological approach for social work practice. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 15(2), 133–142. https://doi.org/10.15453/0191-5096.1855
Pipas, C. F. (2020). Protecting family well-being through social connectivity and time management. Family Practice Management, 27(3), 13–18.
Presilia, A., Koesma, R. E., & Zamralita, Z. (2019). Peran konflik pekerjaan-keluarga terhadap kualitas hidup dengan stres sebagai mediator pada wanita peran ganda. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, Dan Seni, 3(1), 283. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v3i1.3552
Puspitawati, H., Sarma, M., Nanere, M., Gunawan, I., & Riany, Y. E. (2024). Family well-being of single and dual earner families in Indonesia during COVID-19. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(7), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i7.5675
Raharjo, I. T., Puspitawati, H., & Krisnatuti, D. (2015). Tekanan ekonomi, manajemen keuangan, dan kesejahteraan pada keluarga muda. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga Dan Konsumen, 8(1), 38–48. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2015.8.1.38
Rahman, M. M., Uddin, M. J., & Rahaman, S. (2019). Work-family, family-work conflict and subjective well-being of commercial bank employees in Bangladesh: The moderating effects of organisational supports. Advances in Management and Applied Economics, 9(6), 77–96. https://search.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/work-family-conflict-subjective-well-being/docview/2277976993/se-2?accountid=136549
Rahmayati, T. E. (2020). Konflik peran ganda pada wanita karier. Juripol (Jurnal Institusi Politeknik Ganesha Medan), 3(1), 152–165. https://doi.org/10.33395/juripol.v3i1.10920
Rapheal, J., Damodaran, D. K., & K, V. P. (2014). Influence of home environment on adolescent psychological well-being. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2(1), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.25215/0201.047
Rizal, G. L., & Fikry, Z. (2023). Pengaruh work family conflict terhadap parenting stress ibu yang bekerja. Jurnal RAP (Riset Aktual Psikologi Universitas Negeri Padang), 13(2), 126. https://doi.org/10.24036/rapun.v13i2.115244
Rustham, T. P. (2019). Dual earner family dan pengaruhnya pada kesejahteraan psikologis anak : Sebuah studi literatur. Insight: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 21(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.26486/psikologi.v21i1.757
Rusydi, L. N., & Sunarti, E. (2011). Analisis perbandingan manajemen sumberdaya dan kesejahteraan keluarga pada keluarga miskin dan tidak miskin. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Salamah, A., Sunarti, E., & Riany, Y. E. (2023). Pengaruh tipologi keluarga dan lingkungan ramah keluarga terhadap resiliensi dewasa awal pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga Dan Konsumen, 16(3), 199–212. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2023.16.3.199
San, L. M., & Juhari, R. (2021). Work-family conflict, marital satisfaction and marital stability among Malaysian Chinese dual-earner couples. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(12), 527–540. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i12/11796
Setjo, E. A. A., & Franksiska, R. (2021). Job insecurity, subjective well-being and job performance: the moderating role of growth mindset. Diponegoro International Journal of Business, 4(2), 116–125. https://doi.org/10.14710/dijb.4.2.2021.116-125
Shui, Y., Xu, D., Liu, Y., & Liu, S. (2020). Work-family balance and the subjective well-being of rural women in Sichuan, China. BMC Women’s Health, 20(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0871-6
Simanjuntak, M., Muflikhati, I., Yuliati, L. N., & Johan, I. R. (2024). The Coping Strategy and Subjective Well-Being of Indonesian Families amid the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Family Sciences, 9(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.v9i1.45200
Siregar, C. N., & Rahmansyah, S. (2020). Community perception and participation to the implementation of Jabar Digital program in Ridwan Kamil’S instagram: A socio-digital study. Journal Sosioteknologi ITB, 18(3), 369–380. https://doi.org/10.5614/sostek.itbj.2019.18.3.5
Sirven, N. (2006). Endogenous social capital and self-rated health: Cross-sectional data from rural areas of Madagascar. Social Science and Medicine, 63(6), 1489–1502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.04.003
Skinner, D., & McCubbin, H. I. (1996). Dual-Employed Coping Scales (DECS). In Family assessment: Resiliency, coping and adaptation-Inventories for research and practice (pp. 687–699). University of Wisconsin System.
Sumule, F., & Syafitri, W. (2014). Analysis on Factors Affecting The Participation of Married Women in Informal Sector. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB, 2(2), 1–20. https://jimfeb.ub.ac.id/index.php/jimfeb/article/view/1106.
Sunarti, E. (2018). Work stability, economic pressure, and fmily welfare in Indonesia. The Social Sciences, 13(6), 1186–1193.
Sunarti, E. (2019). The portrait of the value and management of family time. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 27(2), 993–1006.
Sunarti, E. (2020). Laporan survey indikator pembangunan keluarga dan indikator ketahanan keluarga Kota Depok.
Sunarti, E. (2021). Inventori Pengukuran Keluarga. In IPB Press.
Sunarti, E., Fithriyah, A. F., & Ulfa, M. (2019). Family-Friendly Kampong (FFK) modelling: Developing urban resilience in disaster-prone area. KnE Social Sciences, 3(21), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i21.4972
Sunarti, E., Rizkillah, R., Hakim, F. A., Zakiya, N., & Damayanti, R. (2021). Manajemen sumber daya keluarga, konflik kerja-keluarga, dan tugas keluarga. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga Dan Konsumen, 14(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2021.14.1.1
Sunarti, E., Rizkillah, R., & Muktiyah, N. T. (2020). The effect of work-family conflict and balancing strategy towards wive’s job satisfaction. Journal of Family Sciences, 5(1), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.5.1.20-35
Wongpy, N., & Setiawan, J. L. (2019). Konflik pekerjaan dan keluarga pada pasangan dengan peran ganda. Jurnal Psikologi Teori Dan Terapan, 10(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p31-45
Young, A. N., Bourke, A., Foley, S., & Di Blasi, Z. (2024). Effects of time management interventions on mental health and wellbeing factors: A protocol for a systematic review. PLoS ONE, 19(3 March), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288887
Zahroo, F., Sunarti, E., & Muflikhati, I. (2024). Tekanan ekonomi, religiusitas, lingkungan ramah keluarga, dan kesejahteraan subjektif di desa pertanian dan industri. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 13(2), 313–329. https://doi.org/10.23887/jish.v13i2.76269
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. - Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

_001.png)

