Actor’s Social Actions and Their Dynamics in The Social System: A Case Study of Traditional Charcoal-Making Business in The Livelihood of The Akit Community
Abstract
The Akit community generally uses mangrove wood as raw material for charcoal. The purpose of this study was to analyze (a) the development of the charcoal-making business, (b) the type of social action in the Akit community's charcoal-making business, and (c) the dynamics of the charcoal-making business. This research was conducted using an ethnographic approach. The results: from the 1980s to 1994, production was initially regulated solely to meet local needs. In the era of 1995 to 2005, it experienced a high market demand for mangrove charcoal along with a flourishing business network with Malaysian toke. After 2005 the charcoal business dimmed again due to government regulations. The actors involved in the charcoal business are workers, owners of very small panglongs, and owners of small panglongs (tokes). The social action run the panglong business as an effort to meet their family needs, and thus they worked based on instrumental rationality. These charcoal-making entrepreneurs operated their businesses based on instrumental and traditional actions. The social action of the toke actor is instrumental rationality and value-oriented rationality. The dynamics of the charcoal business in the Akit community have experienced ups and downs.
References
Ali, M. S. S., Yunus, A., Salman, D., & Demmallino, E. B. (2018). Rasionalitas Petani Dalam Merespons Perubahan Kelembagaan Penguasaan Lahan Dan Sistem Panen Pada Usahatani Padi. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 14(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.20956/jsep.v14i1.3643
Amrivo, V. (2014). Menongkah : perubahan lingkungan, budaya dan penghidupan Suku Duano di Muara Indragiri, Riau. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Asmin, F. (2018). Budaya dan Pembangunan Ekonomi: Sebuah Kajian terhadap Artikel Chavoshbashi dan Kawan-Kawan. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies), 2(2), 190–212. https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v2i2.516
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Bengkalis. (2020). Kecamatan Bantan Dalam Angka 2020.
Badriadi, Fausayana, I., & Meisanti. (2018). Pola Hubungan Patron Klien Pada Komunitas Petani Rumput Laut Di Desa Bungin Permai Kecamatan Tinanggea Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Jurnal Ilmiah Membangun Desa Dan Pertanian, 3(2), 56–62. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/jimdp.v3i2.7965
Basyuni, M., Bimantara, Y., Cuc, N. T. K., Balke, T., & Vovides, A. G. (2022). Macrozoobenthic community assemblage as key indicator for mangrove restoration success in North Sumatra and Aceh, Indonesia. Restoration Ecology, 30(7), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13614
Budiandrian, B., Adiwibowo, S., & Kinseng, R. A. (2017). Dinamika Tenurial Lahan Pada Kawasan Hutan Konservasi (Studi Kasus Di Taman Hutan Raya Sultan Thaha Saifuddin). Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 5(3), 210–217. https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/91412
Bulan, R., Basuni, S., Santoso, N., & Bismark, M. (2019). Aturan Pemanfaatan Mangrove Sebagai Bahan Baku Arang Oleh Masyarakat Di Batu Ampar, Kalimantan Barat Terms Of Use Of Mangrove Charcoal By The Society At Batu Ampar, West Kalimantan. Journal of Forestry Research, 2(1), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.32662/gjfr.v2i1.515
Casson, M. (1993). Cultural Determinants of Economic Performance. Journal of Comparative Economics, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.1006/jcec.1993.1033
Chhetri, R., Yokying, P., Smith, A., van den Hoek, J., Hurni, K., Saksena, S., & Fox, J. (2021). Forest, agriculture, and migration: contemplating the future of forestry and agriculture in the middle-hills of Nepal. Journal of Peasant Studies, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2021.1978983
Coleman, J. S. (2015). Dasar-dasar Teori Sosial Foundation of Social Theory (I. Muttaqien, D. S. Widowatie, & S. Purwandari, Eds.; 1st ed., Vol. 1). Nusa Media, Belknap Press of Harvard University.
Dharmawan, A. H., & Nissa, Z. N. A. (2020). Kerentanan Dan Kelentingan Nafkah Rumahtangga Pedesaan: Sebuah Tipologi Yang Ditarik Dari Studi Kasus Petani Dan Nelayan Skala Kecil Di Indonesia. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 8(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.22500/8202028458
Estoque, R. C., Myint, S. W., Wang, C., Ishtiaque, A., Aung, T. T., Emerton, L., Ooba, M., Hijioka, Y., Mon, M. S., Wang, Z., & Fan, C. (2018). Assessing environmental impacts and change in Myanmar’s mangrove ecosystem service value due to deforestation (2000–2014). Global Change Biology, 24(11), 5391–5410. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14409
Gowlland, G. (2020). The materials of indigeneity: slate and cement in a Taiwanese indigenous (Paiwan) mountain settlement. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 26(1), 126–145. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.13182
Hapsari, D. R., Kinseng, R. A., Sarwoprasodjo, S., Simanjuntak, A. P., Anam, K., Sarifuddin, A., & Sulistiyowati, I. (2020). Gerakan Sosial Nelayan Di Sumatra Barat: Isu, Aktor, Dan Taktik Gerakan. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 8(1), 14–29. https://doi.org/10.22500/8202028692
Ismail, R., Clements, G. R., Saputra, J., & Puteh, N. (2019). Impacts of a Colonial Policy Legacy on Indigenous Livelihoods in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 54(5), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.54.5.18
Katano, Y., Greenberg, P., & Agnone, J. (2020). Traditional or Economic Values? Analyzing Absentee Landowner Attitudes Amid Social and Agricultural Transformation in Japan. Rural Sociology, 85(3).
Kinseng, R. A. (2017). Struktugensi: Sebuah Teori Tindakan. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 127–137. https://doi.org/10.22500/sodality.v5i2.17972
Kinseng, R. A. (2019). Resiliensi sosial dari perspektif sosilogi: Konsep dan aplikasinya pada komunitas nelayan kecil. Talenta Conference Series : Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA), 2(3), 86–93.
Koentjaraningrat. (2002). Pengantar Ilmu Antropologi (8th ed.). Rineka Cipta.
Kweenedy, C. (2018). Strategi Pengembangan Produksi Arang Putih Melalui Bisnis Online Untuk Meningkatkan Ekspor Indonesia Di Era Global (Studi Pada CV. Satojo Anugerah Sukses) Tahun 2017. Calyptra: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya, 7(1), 2857–2875. http://www.bjoconsulting.com
Lenggono, P. S., Dharmawan, A. H., Soetarto, E., & Damanhuri, D. S. (2012). Kebangkitan Ekonomi Lokal: Kemunculan Ponggawa Pertambakan dan Fenomena Industri Pengolahan Udang Ekspor di Delta Mahakam. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 6(2), 132–144. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318982476
Lujinggan, F. A. N., & Harianto, S. (2020). Pilihan Rasional Petani Dalam Mengelola Lahan Hutan. Paradigma Jurnal, 9(1), 1–20.
Miswadi, Firdaus, R., & Jhonnerie, R. (2017). Pemanfaatan Kayu Mangrove Oleh Masyarakat Suku Asli Sungai Liong Pulau Bengkalis. Dinamika Maritim, 6(1), 35–39. http://ojs.umrah.ac.id/index.php/dinamikamaritim
Muchlis, F., Lubis, D. P., Kinseng, R. A., & Tasman, A. (2016). Sejarah Marginalisasi Orang Rimba Bukit Dua Belas di Era Orde Baru. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 26(2), 217–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v26i2.4972
Muhartono, R., & Nurlaili. (2018). Hutang Sebagai Pengikat Hubungan Nelayan Dan “Pengambe” Di Kabupaten Jember, Provinsi Jawa Timur Debt As A Binding Relationship Between Fishers And “Pengambe” In The Jember Regency, East Java Province. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 13(2), 239–248. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v13i2.6869
Mutiar, I. R., Sumarti, T., & Satria, A. (2018). Tindakan Rasional Dan Strategi Berjejaring Rumah Tangga Nelayan Kecil. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 6(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.22500/sodality.v6i1.21206
Niaz, M. U. (2021). Socio-Economic development and sustainable development goals: a roadmap from vulnerability to sustainability through financial inclusion. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja , 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.1989319
O’Connell, D. P., Fusi, M., Djamaluddin, R., Rajagukguk, B. B., Bachmid, F., Kitson, J. J. N., Dunnett, Z., Trianto, A., Tjoa, A. B., Diele, K., & Evans, D. M. (2022). Assessing mangrove restoration practices using species-interaction networks. Restoration Ecology, 30(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13546
Olofsson, M. (2019). Socio-economic differentiation from a class-analytic perspective: The case of smallholder tree-crop farmers in Limpopo, South Africa. Journal of Agrarian Change, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12335
Popkin, S. L. (1986). Petani Rasional (S. Mawi, Ed.). Yayasan Padamu Negeri.
Priyatna, F. N., Kinseng, R. A., & Satria, A. (2013). Akses Dan Strategi Aktor-Aktor Dalam Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Waduk Djuanda. J. Sosek Kp, 8(1), 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v8i1.1190
Radjab, M. (2014). Analisis Model Tindakan Rasional Pada Proses Transformasi Komunitas Petani Rumput Laut Di Kelurahan Pabiringa Kabupaten Jeneponto. Socius, 15, 16–28.
Rejeki, S., Debrot, A. O., van den Brink, A. M., Ariyati, R. W., & Widowati, L. L. (2021). Increased production of green mussels (Perna viridis) using longline culture and an economic comparison with stake culture on the north coast of Java, Indonesia. Aquaculture Research, 52, 373–380. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14900
Rokhani, Sumarti, T., Damanhuri, D. S., & Wahyuni, E. S. (2016). Dilema Kolektivitas Petani Kopi: Tinjauan Sosiologi Weberian (Kasus Petani Kopi Di Nagori Sait Buttu Saribu, Kecamatan Pamatang Sidamanik Kabupaten Simalungun, Sumatera Utara). Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 4(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.22500/sodality.v4i1.14400
Saam, Z. (2018). Kemiskinan Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pesisir. UNRI Press.
Saifullah, M. K., Masud, M. M., & Kari, F. B. (2021). Vulnerability context and well-being factors of Indigenous community development: a study of Peninsular Malaysia. AlterNative, 17(1), 94–105. https://doi.org/10.1177/1177180121995166
Satmoko, S., Prasetyo, A. S., & Pertiwi, Y. I. (2019). Strategi Penghidupan Masyarakat Desa Hutan Di Desa Kucur, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang. Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pertanian, 3(2), 174–182. http://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/agrisocionomics
Soerianto, M. G. (2020). Usaha Panglong Arang Mangrove Di Kepulauan Bengkalis. Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Pelestarian Lingkungan & Mitigasi Bencana,” 428–431.
Suryawati, S. H., Soetarto, E., Adrianto, L., & Purnomo, A. H. (2011). Kerentanan Sosial-Ekologi Masyarakat Di Laguna Segara Anakan (Social-Ecological Vulnerability Of Community In Segara Anakan). JPSL, 1(2), 62–72.
Syukur, M., Dharmawan, A. H., Sunito, S., & Damanhuri, D. S. (2014). Transformasi Penenun Bugis-Wajo Menuju Era Modernitas. Paramita, 24(1), 63–77.
Taib, R., Soetarto, E., & Tonny, F. (2010). Transformasi Identitas Gerakan dari “Petani” menjadi “Masyarakat Adat”: Upaya Memahami Konflik Pembangunan Bandara Sultan Babullah di Ternate Maluku Utara. Sodality: Jurnal Transdisiplin Sosiologi, Komunikasi, Dan Ekologi Manusia, 04(2), 239–254.
Tjoa, M., Suharjito, D., Kartodiharjo, H., & Soetarto, E. (2018). Hak Penguasaan Lahan Hutan pada Masyarakat Adat di Desa Honitetu Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat, Maluku Forest Land Tenure Rights on Indigenous Peoples in Honitetu Village West Seram District, Maluku. Jurnal Sylva Lestari ISSN, 6(3), 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl3691-102
Weber, M. (1978). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology (G. Roth & C. Wittich, Eds.). University of California Press.
Wenger, E., McDermott, R. A., & Snyder, W. (2002). Cultivating Communities of Practice A Guide to Managing Knowledge. Harvard Business School Press.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. - Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).