The Metamorphosis of Social Movement in Banten: From Identity Romantism to Environment Agrarian Issues
Abstract
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the metamorphosis of social movements in Banten. In terms of methodology, this research uses a critical paradigm - a qualitative approach. In terms of methodology, this research uses a critical paradigm - a qualitative approach. The results show that there is a metamorphosis of social movements in Banten since the colonial era until the reform, both in terms of issues, actors, and ideology. First, the colonial era until the beginning of independence (1813-1945) issues of movement related to identity and political economy. The dominant actors of the movement are the nobles, the ulama, and the jawara, with the spirit of ideology of liberation from colonial rule (freedom and religous heavy). Second, the era of Orla-Orba (1945-1998) motive of the resistance movement around the issue of political economy (sentiment of ethnicity), agrarian, and education. The dominant actors in this era are: the people, the ulama, and the jawara. The characteristics of the movement are sporadic, partial, not systemic and not sustained by a strong ideology (pseudo populism haevy). Third, the reform era, the resistance movement questioned agrarian and environmental issues. The dominant actors are the people in the set of Local NGOs, (fishemen), ulama, and jawara. In this era, the rationalism and objectives of the resistance are clearer, coordinated, systemic, and based on the ideology of justice/populist (justice/polulism heavy).
Keywords: metamorphosis, social movement, agrarian, enviroment, Banten
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis metamorfosis gerakan sosial di Banten. Dari sisi metodologi, penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma kritis – pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi metamorfosis gerakan sosial di Banten sejak era kolonial hingga reformasi, baik dari sisi isu, aktor, dan ideologi. Pertama, era kolonial hingga awal kemerdekaan (1813-1945) isu gerakan terkait dengan identitas dan ekonomi politik. Aktor gerakan yang dominan adalah kaum bangsawan, ulama, dan jawara, dengan semangat ideologi pembebasan dari penjajahan kolonial (freedom and religous heavy). Kedua, era Orla-Orba (1945-1998) motif gerakan perlawanan seputar isu ekonomi politik (sentimen etnisitas), agraria, dan pendidikan. Aktor yang berperan dominan pada era ini antara lain: rakyat, ulama, dan jawara. Ciri gerakannya sporadis, parsial, tidak sistemik dan tidak ditopang oleh ideologi yang kuat (pseudo populism haevy). Ketiga, era reformasi, gerakan perlawanan menyoal isu agraria dan lingkungan. Aktor yang dominan ialah rakyat dalam himpunan NGO Lokal (nelayan), ulama, dan jawara. Pada era ini rasionalisme dan tujuan perlawanan lebih jelas, terkoordinir, sistemik, dan bertumpu pada ideologi keadilan/ populis (justice/polulism heavy).
Kata kunci: metamorfosis, gerakan sosial, agraria, lingkungan, Banten
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. - Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).