Impact of Gold Mining on Farmers’ Livelihood in Bombana
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to analyze the impact of gold mining on livelihoods of farmers in rural area of Bombana District. The research used sustainable livelihoods approach which focus on vulnerability context faced by farmers around gold mine site and ownership of and access to capital assets which were influenced by mining activity, which in the end lead to increasing or decreasing livelihood outcome of farmers in the area. The study was done in three villages around the gold mine site. Data was gathered through combination of quantitative and qualitative method using sample survey, in-depth interview and focus group discussion. The result showed that there was declining on rice production due to decreasing of farm land and land degradation as a result of draught season that affected the area. Watu-Watu village was the worst in terms of the loss of natural assets compare to other villages. Policy, institution and process which were represented by government and mining companies have added local communities’ exposure to vulnerability context they already faced. Livelihood diversification was chosen as coping strategy out of livelihood crisis due to the loss of productive assets caused by mining activities.
Keywords: gold, mining, farmers, livelihood, Bombana
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa dampak kegiatan peambangan emas terhadap capaian penghidupan masyarakat di wilayah pedesaan kabupaten BombanA, dengan menggunakan pendekatan penghidupan yang berkelanjutan, yang menekankan pada konteks kerentanan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat petani di sekitar wilayah penambangan serta pola kepemilikan dan akses terhadap aset-aset penghidupan yang dipengaruhi oleh kegiatan penamanbangan, yang pada gilirannya dapat meningkatkan atau menurunkan kemampuannya dalam memperoleh capaian penghidupan yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan di tiga desa di loaksi penambangan. Metode penelitian menggabungkan antara metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Metode kualitatif melalui Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), fokus grup diskusi dan wawancara mendalam, dan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan sample survey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan produksi pertanian di lokasi penelitian yang disebabkan berkurangnya lahan pertanian dan kerusakan lahan akibat kekeringan yang melanda lokasipenelitian. Desa Watu-Watu merupakan desa yang terparah dalam hal kehilangan aset penghidupan dibandingkan kedua desa lainnya. Keberadaan kebijakan, kelembagaan dan proses yang diwakili oleh pemerintah dan perusahaan penambangan merupakan faktor yang semakin menekan posisi masyarakat setempat dalam konteks kerentanan yang dihadapinya. Upaya masyarakat untuk keluar dari krisis penghidupan akibat berkurang akses terhadap aset penghidupan melahirkan diversifikasi sumber nafkah sebagai bentuk coping strategy, dan tidak semata-mata tergantung pada sektor pertanian, tetapi juga pada sektor non pertanian.
Kata kunci: tambang emas, penghidupan, petan, Bombana.
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