The Determination of Mangrove Restoration Area using Water Quality and Substrate Parameters
Abstract
Mangrove plants have a substantial impact on ecosystems, both ecologically and economically. Planting mangroves is currently considered an effective method for overcoming the degradation of mangrove forests, particularly in Sebaru Kecil Island, which has limited research. Besides natural forces contributing to the success of mangrove plantations, ecological parameters are also crucial to assessing mangrove restoration areas. The parameters include physical-chemical water quality, plankton and benthos, and substrate quality. This measurement is carried out to evaluate the level of water fertility and soil conditions at the location that will be used for mangrove planting. This research aimed to determine the feasibility of the area for mangrove restoration based on physical, biological, and chemical water quality conditions, and to provide recommendations for planting mangroves suitable for Sebaru Kecil Island based on its substrate condition. The results showed that the physical-chemical parameters of the seawater at the mangrove planting locations met the quality standards, except for nitrate. The condition of plankton and benthos showed a high diversity index, with no dominant species. Based on the substrate results and physical condition of Sebaru Kecil Island, the location is suitable for mangrove planting, and we recommend planting Rhizophora stylosa in the mangrove restoration area.
References
2. Nagelkerken. I.; Blaber. S.J.M.; Bouillon. S.; Green. P.; Haywood. M.; Kirton. L.G.; Meynecke. J.O.; Pawlik. J.; Penrose. H.M.; Sasekumar. A.; et al. The Habitat Function of Mangroves for Terrestrial and Marine Fauna: A Review. Aquat. Bot. 2008. 89. 155–185. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.12.007.
3. Abu El-Regal. M.A.; Ibrahim. N.K. Role of Mangroves as a Nursery Ground for Juvenile Reef Fishes in the Southern Egyptian Red Sea. Egypt. J. Aquat. Res. 2014. 40. 71–78. doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2014.01.001.
4. Baderan. D.W.K.; Hamidun. M.S.; Utina. R.; Rahim. S.; Dali. R. The Abundance and Diversity of Mollusks in Mangrove Ecosystem at Coastal Area of North Sulawesi. Indonesia. Biodiversitas 2019. 20. 987–993. doi:10.13057/biodiv/d200408.
5. Rahadian. A.; Prasetyo. B.; Setiawan. Y.; Dan. ); Wikantika. K. 3) Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan Dan Ekowisata. Jl. Lingkar Akademik Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor 16680 4) Fakultas Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kebumian ITB. Lb. Siliwangi 2019. 24. 163–178.
6. Nordhaus. I.; Toben. M.; Fauziyah. A. Impact of Deforestation on Mangrove Tree Diversity. Biomass and Community Dynamics in the Segara Anakan Lagoon. Java. Indonesia: A Ten-Year Perspective. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 2019. 227. 106300. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106300.
7. Arifanti. V.B.; Kauffman. J.B.; Subarno. J.B.; Ilman. M.; Tosiani. A.; Novita. N. Contributions of Mangrove Conservation and Restoration to Climate Change Mitigation in Indonesia. Glob. Chang. Biol. 2022. 28. 4523–4538. doi:10.1111/gcb.16216.
8. Kusmana. C. Lesson Learned From Mangrove Rehabilitation Program in Indonesia. J. Pengelolaan Sumberd. Alam dan Lingkung. (Journal Nat. Resour. Environ. Manag. 2017. 7. 89–97. doi:10.29244/jpsl.7.1.89-97.
9. Shedage. S.; Shrivastava. P. Mangroves for Protection of Coastal Areas from High Tides. Cyclone and Tsunami. Int. J. Plant Soil Sci. 2018. 23. 1–11. doi:10.9734/ijpss/2018/42151.
10. Gijón Mancheño. A.; Vuik. V.; van Wesenbeeck. B.K.; Jonkman. S.N.; van Hespen. R.; Moll. J.R.; Kazi. S.; Urrutia. I.; van Ledden. M. Integrating Mangrove Growth and Failure in Coastal Flood Protection Designs. Sci. Rep. 2024. 14. 1–19. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-58705-4.
11. Harefa. M.S.; Rohim. N.; Pramuja. I.; Harahap. P.R.; Agustin. S.; Siregar. K.; Sitanggang. J.P. Bio-Ecological Study on Aceh Coast to Determine Mangrove Ecosystem Restoration Areas Suitability. Depik 2023. 12. 361–372. doi:10.13170/depik.12.3.32211.
12. Kusmana. C.; Chaniago. Z.A. KESESUAIAN LAHAN JENIS POHON MANGROVE DI BULAKSETRA. PANGANDARAN JAWA BARAT Land Suitability Mangrove Trees Species in Bulaksetra. Pangandaran West Java. J. Trop. Silvic. 2017. 8. 48–54. doi:10.29244/j-siltrop.8.1.48-54.
13. Pasaribu. R.A.; Ratna Suhita. N.P.A.; Gumilar. G.; Choiriyah. N.; Siregar. R.R.; Yonatika. N.O. Sea Level Rise Implication on Small Islands in Kepulauan Seribu. Jakarta. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 2023. 1251. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1251/1/012059.
14. Trisnaputra. A.; Barus. B.; Trisasongko. B.H. Modeling Land Use/Land Cover Change in Berau Pantai Forests. Berau Regency. East Kalimantan Province. J. Pengelolaan Sumberd. Alam dan Lingkung. 2023. 13. 386–397. doi:10.29244/jpsl.13.3.386-397.
15. Kusumaningtyas. M.A.; Kepel. T.L.; Ati. R.N.A.; Salim. H.L.; Rustam. A.; Suryono. D.D.; Daulat. A.; Sudirman. N.; Rahayu. Y.P.; Hutahaean. A.A. Aboveground Carbon Stock of Marine Mangroves in Kepulauan Seribu Islands. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 2023. 1251. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1251/1/012003.
16. Retnaningdyah. C.; Ridlo. I.A.; Febriansyah. S.C.; Nusantara. O.B. Water Quality Evaluation of Some Mangrove Ecosystems with Variations of Time Restoration in South Malang. East Java. Indonesia. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 2021. 743. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/743/1/012011.
17. Sari. N.; Patria. M.P.; Soesilo. T.E.B.; Tejakusuma. I.G. The Structure of Mangrove Communities in Response to Water Quality in Jakarta Bay. Indonesia. Biodiversitas 2019. 20. 1873–1879. doi:10.13057/biodiv/d200712.
18. Wailisa. R.; Putuhena. J.D.; Soselisa. F. Analisis Kualitas Air Di Hutan Mangrove Pesisir Negeri Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. J. Hutan Pulau-Pulau Kecil 2022. 6. 57–71. doi:10.30598/10.30598.jhppk.2022.6.1.57.
19. Heriyanto. N.M. Keragaman Plankton Dan Kualitas Perairan Di Hutan Mangrove. Bul. Plasma Nutfah 2016. 18. 38. doi:10.21082/blpn.v18n1.2012.p38-44.
20. Cui. B.; Wang. X.; Su. Y.; Gong. C.; Zhang. D.; Ouyang. Z.; Wang. X. Responses of Tree Growth. Leaf Area and Physiology to Pavement in Ginkgo Biloba and Platanus Orientalis. Front. Plant Sci. 2022. 13. 1–18. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.1003266.
21. Daris. L.; Jaya; Wahyuti; Arianto. I.F. Kajian Ekosistem Mangrove Berdasarkan Jenis Dan Karakteristik Substrat Di Desa Tompotana Kecamatan Kepulauan Tanakeke Kabupaten Takalar. Lutjanus 2023. 28. 16–27.
22. Windusari. Y.; Sarno. S.; Saleh. E.; Hanum. L. SUBSTRATE CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS IMPACT ON DISTRIBUTION OF MANGROVE SPECIES : A Case Study In Sungai Barong Kecil In The Sembillang National Park At Banyuasin. South Sumatra. Berk. Penelit. Hayati 2014. 20. 82–86. doi:10.23869/bphjbr.20.1.20141.
23. Poedjirahajoe. E.; Matatula. J. The Physiochemical Condition of Mangrove Ecosystems in the Coastal District of Sulamo. Kupang. East Nusa Tenggara. Indonesia. J. Manaj. Hutan Trop. 2019. 23. 173–184. doi:10.7226/jtfm.25.3.173.
24. Kusumaningrum. P.B.; Haryono. E. The Potential of Delta Ecosystem in North Coast of Java in Reducing CO2 Emissions. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 2020. 451. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/451/1/012071.
25. Yona. D.; Hidayati. N.; Sari. S.H.J.; Amar. I.N.; Sesanty. K.W. Teknik Pembibitan Dan Penanaman Mangrove Di Banyuurip Mangrove Center. Desa Banyuurip. Kecamatan Ujungpangkah. Kabupaten Gresik. J-Dinamika J. Pengabdi. Masy. 2018. 3. 1–4. doi:10.25047/j-dinamika.v3i1.744.
26. Sihombing. K.; Harahap. R.H.; Mulya. M.B. Analysis of Coastal Water Quality At Marine Tourism Sites in the City of Sibolga. Asian J. Aquat. Sci. 2023. 6. 447–455. doi:10.31258/ajoas.6.3.447-455.
27. Matatula. J.- Keragaman Kondisi Salinitas Pada Lingkungan Tempat Tumbuh Mangrove Di Teluk Kupang.NTT. J. Ilmu Lingkung. 2019. 17. 425. doi:10.14710/jil.17.3.425-434.
28. Wantasen. A.S. KONDISI KUALITAS PERAIRAN DAN SUBSTRAT DASAR SEBAGAI FAKTOR PENDUKUNG AKTIVITAS PERTUMBUHAN MANGROVE DI PANTAI PESISIR DESA BASAAN I . KABUPATEN MINAHASA TENGGARA Conditions of Substrate and Water Quality Supporting Activites as A Gro. J. Ilm. Platax 2013. 1. 204–209.
29. Indawan. E.; Indri Hapsari. R.; Ahmadi. K.; Noorvy Khaerudin. D. Quality Assessment of Mangrove Growing Environment in Pasuruan of East Java. J. Degrad. Min. Lands Manag. 2017. 04. 815–819. doi:10.15243/jdmlm.2017.043.815.
30. Effendi. H. Telaah Kualitas Air 2003.
31. Fitriyah. A.; Syafrudin. S.; Sudarno. S. Identifikasi Karakteristik Fisik Mikroplastik Di Sungai Kalimas. Surabaya. Jawa Timur. J. Kesehat. Lingkung. Indones. 2022. 21. 350–357. doi:10.14710/jkli.21.3.350-357.
32. Liu. H.; Cheng. W.; Xiong. P.; Li. H.; Liu. Z.; Ai. J.; Yuan. D.; Wan. F.; Wan. Y.; Zou. H.; et al. Temporal Variation of Plankton and Zoobenthos Communities in a Freshwater Reservoir: Structure Feature. Construction Mechanism. Associated Symbiosis and Environmental Response. Ecol. Indic. 2023. 154. 110774. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110774.
33. Lewerissa. Y.A.; Sangaji. M.; Latumahina. M.B. Pengelolaan Mangrove Berdasarkan Tipe Substrat Di Perairan Negeri Ihamahu Pulau Saparua (Mangrove Management Based on Type of The Substrate at Ihamahu Waters Saparua Island). J. Trit. 2018. 14. 1–9.
34. Rahman. F.A.; Hadi. A.P. Kandungan C-Organik Substrat Ekosistem Mangrove Di Danau Air Asin Gili Meno Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Biosci. J. Ilm. Biol. 2021. 9. 516. doi:10.33394/bioscientist.v9i2.4276.
35. Royna. M.; Murdiyarso. D.; Sasmito. S.D.; Arriyadi. D.; Rahajoe. J.S.; Zahro. M.G.; Ardhani. T.S.P. Carbon Stocks and Effluxes in Mangroves Converted into Aquaculture: A Case Study from Banten Province. Indonesia. Front. Ecol. Evol. 2024. 12. 1–12. doi:10.3389/fevo.2024.1340531.
36. Haneda. N.F.; Kusmana. C.; Fitria. D.; Kusuma. D. Keanekaragaman Serangga Di Ekosistem Mangrove Diversity of Insects in Mangrove Ecosystem. J. Silvikultur Trop. 2013. 4. 42–47.
37. Syahrial. S.; Sastriawan. Y. POLA SEBARAN. INDIKATOR KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN DAN EKOLOGI KOMUNITAS MANGROVE PULAU TUNDA(Distribution Pattern. Environmental And Ecological Quality Indicators Of Mangrove Forest Community Pulau Tunda). SAINTEK Perikan. Indones. J. Fish. Sci. Technol. 2018. 14. 43. doi:10.14710/ijfst.14.1.43-51.
38. Azzahra. F. Estimasi Serapan Karbon Pada Hutan Mangrove Desa Bedono. Demak. Jawa Tengah. JFMR-Journal Fish. Mar. Res. 2020. 4. 308–315. doi:10.21776/ub.jfmr.2020.004.02.15.
Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Media Konservasi is an open access journal, meaning that all content is freely available without charge to the user or their institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without needing to request prior permission from the publisher or the author.
All articles published by Media Konservasi are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This allows for unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided proper credit is given to the original authors.
Authors submitting manuscripts should understand and agree that the copyright of published manuscripts is retained by the authors. Copyright encompasses the exclusive rights of authors to reproduce, distribute, and sell any part of the journal articles in all forms and media. Reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases, and its transmission by any form or media is allowed without written permission from Media Konservasi.
