KARAKTERISTIK UPWELLING DI PERAIRAN SELATAN JAWA PADA TAHUN STRONG LA NINA 2010 DAN SUPER EL NINO 2015
Abstrak
Upwelling pantai musiman di perairan Selatan Jawa diduga dapat dimodulasi oleh variabilitas antar-tahunan laut-atmosfer El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan karakteristik upwelling musiman selama kejadian La Nina 2010 dan El Nino 2015, berdasarkan multi-dataset dari keluaran model INDESO dan dari data satelit. Karakteristik yang berbeda dari upwelling musiman terlihat jelas. Di La Nina, variabel laut-atmosfer permukaan jauh lebih rendah daripada yang diamati di El Nino, kecuali untuk tingkat curah hujan, suhu permukaan laut, dan tinggi permukaan laut. Di La Nina, air laut yang lebih hangat (27-28°C) dan lebih tawar (<33,80psu) mendominasi di atas lapisan kedalaman 45m, yang menahan air dingin upwelling tetap di bawah permukaan. Sebaliknya, di El Nino, air bawah permukaan naik secara drastis dari isoterm 25-26°C dan isohalin dari 34,24-34,44psu tersingkapkan di permukaan laut. Indeks upwelling berbasis suhu adalah -2°C dan +4°C, menunjukkan ENSO telah sangat memodulasi intensitas upwelling. Arus Pantai Selatan Jawa (SJCC) yang kuat mengalir kearah timur hanya ditemukan pada kejadian La Nina. Aliran Arlindo yang persisten di selatan 9,5°S terlihat pada ENSO berbeda. Perkiraan angkutan Ekman yang diturunkan dari model arus meridional telah diintervensi secara kuat oleh kehadiran SJCC dan Arlindo.
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