Estimation of Total Suspended Solids in the Ujung Pangkah Estuary Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery Estimasi Total Padatan Tersuspensi di Muara Ujung Pangkah Menggunakan Citra Satelit Sentinel-2 Multitemporal
Abstract
Keberadaan material terlarut dalam air, khususnya Total Suspended Solids (TSS), berpengaruh signifikan terhadap sifat optik air laut. Fenomena ini dapat diamati secara kuantitatif melalui teknik penginderaan jauh, yang memerlukan berbagai algoritma untuk mengonversi nilai reflektansi piksel menjadi konsentrasi TSS. Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan utama: (1) memperkirakan dan memetakan konsentrasi TSS menggunakan citra satelit multitemporal Sentinel-2 serta (2) membandingkan beberapa algoritma estimasi TSS dengan menganalisis data citra terhadap pengukuran in situ. Citra Sentinel-2 dari tahun 2020 hingga 2022 digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dan konsentrasi TSS dihitung menggunakan tiga algoritma: Liu, Budiman, dan Prasetyo. Hasil estimasi TSS dari citra satelit divalidasi dengan data lapangan dari 25 titik sampel. Akurasi estimasi diuji menggunakan parameter Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) dan Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Hasil pengukuran in situ menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi TSS di wilayah penelitian berkisar antara 24 hingga 127 mg/L. Algoritma Liu dan Budiman menghasilkan estimasi TSS dengan standar deviasi tertinggi, sedangkan algoritma Prasetyo menunjukkan deviasi yang lebih rendah, menghasilkan estimasi yang lebih akurat. Validasi statistik mengonfirmasi bahwa algoritma Prasetyo memiliki keakuratan tertinggi dalam memperkirakan TSS in situ (RMSE = 10,75, MAPE = 3,97%, R² = 0,85). Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan efektivitas penginderaan jauh dalam pemantauan TSS serta pentingnya pemilihan algoritma yang tepat untuk penilaian kualitas air yang akurat.
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