ESTIMASI STOK KARBON MANGROVE REHABILITASI DI PULAU HARAPAN DAN KELAPA, TAMAN NASIONAL KEPULAUAN SERIBU, JAKARTA
Abstrak
Restorasi ekosistem karbon biru, seperti mangrove, semakin banyak digunakan untuk mitigasi perubahan iklim dengan menghilangkan dan menyerap karbon di atmosfer. Rehabilitasi penanaman mangrove yang dilakukan oleh Balai Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu (TNKpS) sejak tahun 2005 di Kepulauan Seribu merupakan salah satu upaya penurunan emisi secara nasional. Namun, pertumbuhan mangrove dan persebaran mangrove cenderung tidak optimal dikarenakan kondisi lingkungan yang tidak mendukung. Hal ini tentu berdampak pada jumlah stok karbon yang tersimpan dalam mangrove. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengestimasi potensi stok karbon pada mangrove rehabilitasi baik tegakan dan substrat, dan 2) menghitung valuasi ekonomi mangrove sebagai penyimpan karbon. Perhitungan stok karbon mangrove pada tegakan dan bawah permukaan menggunakan metode non destruktif (rumus alometrik), sedangkan perhitungan karbon tanah dilakukan menggunakan perhitungan kadar C-Organik dengan metode Walkley & Black. Cadangan total karbon (aboveground, belowground, dan karbon tanah) pada mangrove Rhizophora stylosa adalah 634,54 tonC/ha dan serapan CO2 2328,75 tCO2/ha dengan nilai ekonomi jasa lingkungan dari mangrove rehabilitasi di Pulau Harapan dan Kelapa mencapai Rp375.202.308 untuk pasar bebas dan Rp980.528.697 untuk pasar wajib (Clean Development Mechanism). Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai informasi awal perumusan kebijakan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove sebagai penyimpan karbon agar ekosistem mangrove dapat berkelanjutan.
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