EFEKTIVITAS KELOLA PERIKANAN ADAT DALAM MENJAGA STATUS KESEHATAN TERUMBU KARANG DI TELUK MAYALIBIT, RAJA AMPAT
Abstrak
Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries-Reserve (TURF-Reserve) adalah salah satu bentuk dari pendekatan pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan berbasis hak yang dapat meningkatkan efektivitas dan upaya konservasi ekosistem terumbu karang di kawasan konservasi perairan (KKP). Dewan Adat Suku Maya dan masyarakat adat di Teluk Mayalibit mendeklarasikan Kelola Perikanan Adat (KPA), suatu bentuk pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan yang mengombinasikan hak ulayat laut, kearifan ekologi tradisional, dan prinsip-prinsip TURF-Reserve. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengukur kondisi kesehatan ekosistem terumbu karang untuk melihat efektivitas KPA dalam menjaga kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang di Teluk Mayalibit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Point Intercept Transect (PIT) dan transek sabuk ikan untuk mengumpulkan data kesehatan terumbu karang. Kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang diukur menggunakan lima indikator dengan ambang batas ekologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan nilai biomassa ikan karang dan proporsi biomassa ikan herbivor dari kondisi sebelumnya, hal ini mengindikasikan ekosistem terumbu karang yang sehat. Nilai rasio makroalga: karang keras hidup serta rasio fished: unfished yang menurun jika dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebelumnya mengindikasikan ekosistem terumbu karang yang berstatus moderat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, disimpulkan bahwa ekosistem terumbu karang di Teluk Mayalibit masih berada dalam kondisi yang sehat dan aktivitas perikanan karang masih terkendali di dalam batas yang mendukung kelestarian. Hal ini memberikan indikasi bahwa KPA masih efektif dalam menjaga kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang dan membantu upaya konservasi serta pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan karang di Teluk Mayalibit.
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