EFFECTIVENESS OF CUSTOMARY FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ON MAINTAINING REEF HEALTH STATUS IN MAYALIBIT BAY, RAJA AMPAT
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Accepted
31 August 2021
Published
31 August 2021
Keywords:
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TURF-Reserve, Customary Fisheries Management, Mayalibit Bay, Raja Ampat, coral reef
Abstract
Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries-Reserve (TURF-Reserve) is a form of rights-based fisheries management that could improve the effectiveness and coral reef conservation efforts in Marine Protected Area (MPA). Maya Tribe Customary Council with Mayalibit Bay customary communities declared Customary Fisheries Management (CFM), a fishery resources management approach that combines customary marine tenure, traditional ecological wisdom, and TURF-Reserve principles. This study aims to measure coral reef health conditions to illustrate CFM’s effectiveness in maintaining coral reef conditions in Mayalibit Bay. This study uses Point Intercept Transect (PIT) and fish belt transect as data collection methods to gather coral reef health data. Coral reef condition is measured using five indicators with ecological thresholds. Study results show that there is an increase of reef fish biomass and herbivore fish biomass proportion compared to previous condition which indicate a healthy coral reef ecosystem. Decreasing macroalgae: hard coral ratio along with fished: unfished ratio compared to previous condition indicate coral reef ecosystem with moderate condition. This study concluded that the coral reef ecosystem in Mayalibit Bay is in healthy condition and its reef fisheries activities are still considered sustainable. Based on the healthy coral reef condition, CFM is shown as an effective approach in maintaining coral reef ecosystem condition, complementing conservation efforts, and reef fishery resources management in Mayalibit Bay.
References
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Karr, K.A., R. Fujita, B.S. Halpern, C.V. Kappel, L. Crowder, K.A. Selkoe, P.M. Alcolado, & D. Rader. 2015. Thresholds in Caribbean coral reefs: Implications for ecosystem-based fishery management. J. of Applied Ecology, 52(2): 402-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12388
Kulbicki, M., N. Guillemot, & M. Amand. 2005. A general approach to length-weight relationships for New Caledonian lagoon fishes. Cybium, 29(3): 235-252. https://sfi-cybium.fr/en/node/1297
MacNeil, M.A., N.A.J. Graham, J.E. Cinner, S.K. Wilson, I.D. Williams, J. Maina, S. Newman, A.M. Friedlander, S. Jupiter, N.V.C. Polunin, & T.R. McClanahan. 2015. Recovery potential of the world’s coral reef fishes. Nature, 520: 341-344. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14358
Mangubhai, S., M.V. Erdmann, J.R. Wilson, C.L. Huffard, F. Ballamu, N.I. Hidayat, C. Hitipeuw, M.E. Lazuardi, Muhajir, D. Pada, G. Purba, C. Rotinsulu, L. Rumetna, K. Sumolang, & W. Wen. 2012. Papuan Bird’s Head Seascape: Emerging threats and challenges in the global center of marine biodiversity. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64(11): 2279-2295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.07.024
Mangubhai, S., J.R. Wilson, L. Rumetna, Y. Maturbongs, & Purwanto. 2015. Explicitly incorporating socioeconomic criteria and data into marine protected area zoning. Ocean and Coastal Management, 116: 523-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.08.018
Mascia, M.B., H.E. Fox, L. Glew, G.N. Ahmadia, A. Agrawal, M. Barnes, X. Basurto, I. Craigie, E. Darling, J. Geldmann, D. Gill, S.H. Rice, O.P. Jensen, S.E. Lester, P. McConney, P.J. Mumby, M. Nenadovic, J.E. Parks, R.S. Pomeroy, & A.T. White. 2017. A novel framework for analyzing conservation impacts: Evaluation, theory, and marine protected areas. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1399(1): 93-115. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13428
McClanahan, T., J. Davies, & J. Maina. 2005. Factors influencing resource users and managers’ perceptions towards marine protected area management in Kenya. Environmental Conservation, 32(1): 42-49. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892904001791
McClanahan, T.R. 2008. Food-web structure and dynamics of East African coral reefs. In: McClanahan, T.R. & G.M. Branch (eds). Food webs and the dynamics of marine reefs. Oxford University Press. New York. 162-184 pp. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195319958.003.0007
McClanahan, T.R., N.A.J. Graham, M.A. MacNeil, N.A. Muthiga, J.E. Cinner, J.H. Bruggemann, & S.K. Wilson. 2011. Critical threshold and tangible targets for ecosystem-based management of coral reef fisheries. In: Palumbi, S.R. (eds). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, October 2011. PNAS, 108(41): 17230-17233. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1106861108
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McGilliard, C.R., R. Hilborn, A. MacCall, A.E. Punt, & J.C. Field. 2011. Can information from marine protected areas be used to inform control-rule-based management of small-scale, data-poor stocks?. ICES J. of Marine Science, 68(1): 201-211. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq151
Nash, K.L. & N.A.J. Graham. 2016. Ecological indicators for coral reef fisheries management. Fish and Fisheries, 17(4): 1029-1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12157
Paulangan, Y.P., M.A. Al Amin, Y. Wahyudin, & Taryono. 2018. Tiaitiki: pengetahuan lokal dan lembaga lokal untuk mendukung konservasi laut di Teluk Depapre, Provinsi Papua, Indonesia. Di dalam: Adrianto, L. et al. (eds). Bentang Laut Lesser Sunda dan Bismarck Solomon. IPB Press. Bogor. hlm 37-59.
Pratchett, M.S., A.S. Hoey, S.K. Wilson, V. Messmer, & N.A.J. Graham. 2011. Changes in biodiversity and functioning of reef fish assemblages following coral bleaching and coral loss. Diversity, 3(3): 424-452. https://doi.org/10.3390/d3030424
Rare Indonesia. 2017. Rencana Pengelolaan dan Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Kelola Perikanan Adat Teluk Mayalibit. Rare Indonesia. Waisai. 34 hlm.
Satria, A. & D.S. Adhuri. 2010. Pre-existing fisheries management systems in Indonesia, focusing on Lombok and Maluku. In: Ruddle, K. & A. Satria (eds). Managing coastal and inland waters: Pre-existing aquatic management systems in Southeast Asia. Springer Publishing. Netherlands. 31-55 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9555-8_2
Susanto, H.A., L. Hotra, & M. Alfian. 2018. A managed access approach to sustain small-scale fisheries management in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Proceedings No. 64, Rome. http://www.fao.org/fishery/static/tenure-user-rights/root/volume8/C88.pdf
Tebay, S. & J. Manan. 2018. Eksistensi hukum wilayah adat Mamta dalam mendukung praktik Hukum Adat Manjo bagi pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan berkelanjutan di Teluk Youtefa, Jayapura, Papua. Di dalam: Adrianto, L. et al. (eds). Bentang Laut Lesser Sunda dan Bismarck Solomon. IPB Press. Bogor. hlm 85-107.
Veron, J.E.N., L.M. Devantier, E. Turak, A.L. Green, S. Kininmonth, M. Stafford-Smith, & N. Peterson. 2009. Delineating the Coral Triangle. J. of Coral Reef Studies, 11: 91-100. https://doi.org/10.3755/galaxea.11.91
Ahmadia, G.N., J.R. Wilson, & A.L. Green. 2013. Coral reef monitoring protocol for assessing marine protected areas in the Coral Triangle. Coral Triangle Support Partnership. Jakarta. 47 p.
Allen, G., R. Steene, P. Humann, & N. DeLoach. 2003. Reef fish identification: Tropical Pacific. New World Publication, Inc. Florida. 484 p.
Allen, G.R. & M.V. Erdmann. 2009. Reef fishes of the Bird’s Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia. Check List, 5(3): 587-628. https://doi.org/10.15560/5.3.587
Babcock, E.A. & A.D. MacCall. 2011. How useful is the ratio of fish density outside versus inside no-take marine reserve as a metric for fishery management control rules?. Canadian J. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 68(2): 343-359. https://doi.org/10.1139/F10-146
Christy, F.T. Jr. 1982. Territorial use rights in marine fisheries: Definitions and conditions. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 227: 10. http://ledhyane.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2013/02/Territorial-use-rights-in-marine-fisheries-christy-1982.pdf
Claudet, J., P. Guidetti, D. Mouillot, N.T. Shears, & F. Micheli. 2011. Ecology - ecological effects of marine protected areas: Conservation, restoration, and functioning. In: Claudet, J., (eds). Marine protected areas: A multidisciplinary approach. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139049382.005
Fox, H.E., M.D. Barnes, G.N. Ahmadia, G. Kao, L. Glew, K. Haisfield, N.I. Hidayat, C.L. Huffard, L. Katz, S. Mangubhai, & Purwanto. 2017. Generating actionable data for evidence-based conservation: The global center of marine biodiversity as a case study. Biological Conservation, 210: 299-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.04.025
Froese, R. & D. Pauly. 2018. FishBase. World Wide Web Electronic Publication. www.fishbase.org
Fujita, R., D.J. Thornhill, K. Karr, C.H. Cooper, & L.E. Dee. 2014. Assessing and managing data-limited ornamental fisheries in coral reefs. Fish and Fisheries, 15(4): 661-675. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12040
Gelcich, S. & C.J. Donlan. 2015. Incentivizing biodiversity conservation in artisanal fishing communities through territorial user rights and business model innovation. Conservation Biology, 29(4): 1076-1085. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12477
Glynn, P.W. 2008. Food-web structure and dynamics of Eastern Tropical Pacific Coral Reefs: Panama and Galapagos Islands. In: McClanahan, T.R. & G.M. Branch (eds). Food webs and the dynamics of marine reefs. Oxford University Press. New York. 185-208 pp. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195319958.003.0008
Graham, N.A.J., S.K. Wilson, M.S. Pratchett, N.V.C. Polunin, & M.D. Spalding. 2009. Coral mortality versus structural collapse as drivers of corallivorous butterflyfish decline. Biodiversity and Conservation, 18: 3325-3336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9633-3
Green, A.L. & D.R. Bellwood. 2009. Monitoring functional groups of herbivorous reef fishes as indicators of coral reef resilience: A practical guide for coral reef managers in the Asia Pacific Region. IUCN. Switzerland. 70 p.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237411023
Halim, A., B. Wiryawan, N.R. Loneragan, M.F.A. Sondita, A. Hordyk, D.S. Adhuri, T.R. Adi, & L. Adrianto. 2017. Konsep hak pengelolaan perikanan sebagai alat pengelolaan perikanan berkelanjutan di Indonesia. J. Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia, 9(1): 11-20. https://doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.9.1.2017.11-20
Irby, S.H. & H. Kushardanto. 2018. Rights-based management in Indonesia’s Dampier Strait: Blending customary rights and MPAs to create the world’s largest comprehensive TURF+Reserve Network. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Proceedings No. 64, Rome. http://www.fao.org/fishery/static/tenure-user-rights/root/volume1/C14.pdf
Jentoft, S., R. Chuenpagdee, & J.J. Pascual-Fernandez. 2011. What are MPAs for: On goal formation and displacement. Ocean and Coastal Management, 54(1): 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2010.10.024
Karr, K.A., R. Fujita, B.S. Halpern, C.V. Kappel, L. Crowder, K.A. Selkoe, P.M. Alcolado, & D. Rader. 2015. Thresholds in Caribbean coral reefs: Implications for ecosystem-based fishery management. J. of Applied Ecology, 52(2): 402-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12388
Kulbicki, M., N. Guillemot, & M. Amand. 2005. A general approach to length-weight relationships for New Caledonian lagoon fishes. Cybium, 29(3): 235-252. https://sfi-cybium.fr/en/node/1297
MacNeil, M.A., N.A.J. Graham, J.E. Cinner, S.K. Wilson, I.D. Williams, J. Maina, S. Newman, A.M. Friedlander, S. Jupiter, N.V.C. Polunin, & T.R. McClanahan. 2015. Recovery potential of the world’s coral reef fishes. Nature, 520: 341-344. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14358
Mangubhai, S., M.V. Erdmann, J.R. Wilson, C.L. Huffard, F. Ballamu, N.I. Hidayat, C. Hitipeuw, M.E. Lazuardi, Muhajir, D. Pada, G. Purba, C. Rotinsulu, L. Rumetna, K. Sumolang, & W. Wen. 2012. Papuan Bird’s Head Seascape: Emerging threats and challenges in the global center of marine biodiversity. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64(11): 2279-2295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.07.024
Mangubhai, S., J.R. Wilson, L. Rumetna, Y. Maturbongs, & Purwanto. 2015. Explicitly incorporating socioeconomic criteria and data into marine protected area zoning. Ocean and Coastal Management, 116: 523-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.08.018
Mascia, M.B., H.E. Fox, L. Glew, G.N. Ahmadia, A. Agrawal, M. Barnes, X. Basurto, I. Craigie, E. Darling, J. Geldmann, D. Gill, S.H. Rice, O.P. Jensen, S.E. Lester, P. McConney, P.J. Mumby, M. Nenadovic, J.E. Parks, R.S. Pomeroy, & A.T. White. 2017. A novel framework for analyzing conservation impacts: Evaluation, theory, and marine protected areas. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1399(1): 93-115. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13428
McClanahan, T., J. Davies, & J. Maina. 2005. Factors influencing resource users and managers’ perceptions towards marine protected area management in Kenya. Environmental Conservation, 32(1): 42-49. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892904001791
McClanahan, T.R. 2008. Food-web structure and dynamics of East African coral reefs. In: McClanahan, T.R. & G.M. Branch (eds). Food webs and the dynamics of marine reefs. Oxford University Press. New York. 162-184 pp. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195319958.003.0007
McClanahan, T.R., N.A.J. Graham, M.A. MacNeil, N.A. Muthiga, J.E. Cinner, J.H. Bruggemann, & S.K. Wilson. 2011. Critical threshold and tangible targets for ecosystem-based management of coral reef fisheries. In: Palumbi, S.R. (eds). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, October 2011. PNAS, 108(41): 17230-17233. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1106861108
McDonald, G., S.J. Campbell, K. Karr, M. Clemence, P. Granados-Dieselforff, R. Jakub, T. Kartawijaya, J.C. Mueller, P. Prihatinningsih, K. Siegel, & Y. Syaifudin. 2018. An adaptive assessment and management toolkit for data-limited fisheries. Ocean and Coastal Management, 152: 100-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.11.015
McGilliard, C.R., R. Hilborn, A. MacCall, A.E. Punt, & J.C. Field. 2011. Can information from marine protected areas be used to inform control-rule-based management of small-scale, data-poor stocks?. ICES J. of Marine Science, 68(1): 201-211. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq151
Nash, K.L. & N.A.J. Graham. 2016. Ecological indicators for coral reef fisheries management. Fish and Fisheries, 17(4): 1029-1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12157
Paulangan, Y.P., M.A. Al Amin, Y. Wahyudin, & Taryono. 2018. Tiaitiki: pengetahuan lokal dan lembaga lokal untuk mendukung konservasi laut di Teluk Depapre, Provinsi Papua, Indonesia. Di dalam: Adrianto, L. et al. (eds). Bentang Laut Lesser Sunda dan Bismarck Solomon. IPB Press. Bogor. hlm 37-59.
Pratchett, M.S., A.S. Hoey, S.K. Wilson, V. Messmer, & N.A.J. Graham. 2011. Changes in biodiversity and functioning of reef fish assemblages following coral bleaching and coral loss. Diversity, 3(3): 424-452. https://doi.org/10.3390/d3030424
Rare Indonesia. 2017. Rencana Pengelolaan dan Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Kelola Perikanan Adat Teluk Mayalibit. Rare Indonesia. Waisai. 34 hlm.
Satria, A. & D.S. Adhuri. 2010. Pre-existing fisheries management systems in Indonesia, focusing on Lombok and Maluku. In: Ruddle, K. & A. Satria (eds). Managing coastal and inland waters: Pre-existing aquatic management systems in Southeast Asia. Springer Publishing. Netherlands. 31-55 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9555-8_2
Susanto, H.A., L. Hotra, & M. Alfian. 2018. A managed access approach to sustain small-scale fisheries management in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Proceedings No. 64, Rome. http://www.fao.org/fishery/static/tenure-user-rights/root/volume8/C88.pdf
Tebay, S. & J. Manan. 2018. Eksistensi hukum wilayah adat Mamta dalam mendukung praktik Hukum Adat Manjo bagi pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan berkelanjutan di Teluk Youtefa, Jayapura, Papua. Di dalam: Adrianto, L. et al. (eds). Bentang Laut Lesser Sunda dan Bismarck Solomon. IPB Press. Bogor. hlm 85-107.
Veron, J.E.N., L.M. Devantier, E. Turak, A.L. Green, S. Kininmonth, M. Stafford-Smith, & N. Peterson. 2009. Delineating the Coral Triangle. J. of Coral Reef Studies, 11: 91-100. https://doi.org/10.3755/galaxea.11.91
Authors
de la RosaE., BoerM., Taryono, & Handoko Adi. (2021). EFFECTIVENESS OF CUSTOMARY FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ON MAINTAINING REEF HEALTH STATUS IN MAYALIBIT BAY, RAJA AMPAT. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 13(2), 345-360. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v13i2.35824
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