DINAMIKA GENANGAN PESISIR JAKARTA BERDASARKAN DATA MULTI-TEMPORAL SATELIT MENGGUNAKAN INDEKS AIR DAN POLARISASI RADAR

Asmadin Asmadin, Vincentius Paulus Siregar, Ibnu Sofian, Indra Jaya, Antonius Bambang Wijanarto

Abstrak

Kombinasi baseline data pengindraan jauh sistem aktif dan pasif memiliki banyak keuntungan dalam pemantauan dinamika genangan pesisir. Kedua jenis sensor satelit mengatasi kesenjangan informasi genangan, terutama pada area yang ditutupi awan/bayangan. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dinamika genangan di wilayah pesisir Jakarta berdasarkan data multi-temporal sensor optik dari Landsat 8 dan Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Sentinel 1A. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan dua algoritma indeks air. Algoritma tersebut yaitu Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) dan Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE) berdasarkan nilai spektral reflektansi dan formula empirik. Metode lainnya adalah menggunakan nilai rata-rata koefisien backscatter air dari analisis polarisasi tunggal Vertikal Vertikal (VV) dan Vertikal Horisontal (VH). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kedua tipe data satelit dengan baseline data 8, 9, 15 dan 16 hari cukup efektif memantau dinamika genangan selama 8-49 hari, termasuk area yang tertutup awan dan bayangan. Berdasarkan nilai threshold dari MNDWI >0,123 dan koefisien backscattering air -19dB cukup efisien digunakan untuk mengesktrak informasi data satelit. Algoritma empiris tersebut menghasilkan kenampakan genangan, terutama di sepanjang tanggul pantai, waduk, ekosistem mangrove dan lahan terbangun. Hasil pemantauan satelit menunjukkan bahwa puncak genangan terjadi pada 30 Mei 2016 dan masih terlihat pada 15 Juni 2016. Kombinasi metode pengindraan jauh tersebut cukup efektif dan efisien untuk memantau genangan secara dinamis.

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Penulis

Asmadin Asmadin
asmadin@uho.ac.id (Kontak utama)
Vincentius Paulus Siregar
Ibnu Sofian
Indra Jaya
Antonius Bambang Wijanarto

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