ANALISIS PERUBAHAN SEBARAN MANGROVE MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (SVM) DENGAN CITRA LANDSAT DI KABUPATEN BINTAN KEPULAUAN RIAU
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Mangrove berfungsi sebagai pelindung abrasi pantai, kawasan pemijahan serta sebagai habitat alami bagi biota darat dan laut. Mangrove banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai penghasil kayu, kawasan wisata serta wilayah konservasi. Adanya pemanfaatan mangrove tersebut menyebabkan terjadi perubahan luasan mangrove yang akan berdampak pada keseimbangan ekosistem perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan luasan mangrove menggunakan citra satelit Landsat dengan interval waktu 4 tahun (2005 - 2017). Data yang digunakan adalah citra satelit Landsat 5 (2005, 2009) dan Landsat 8 (2013, 2017) pada 3 lokasi yaitu (Desa Berakit, Bintan Buyu dan Teluk Sesah). Algoritma yang digunakan dalam tahap klasifikasi adalah Maximum Likelihood (MLH) dan Support Vector Machine (SVM) dengan 4 kernel. Perubahan penutup lahan selanjutnya dianalisis berkaitan dengan sebaran muatan padatan tersuspensi (MPT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mangrove, pemukiman dan perkebunan mengalami pertambahan luasan pada 3 desa tersebut. Hasil klasifikasi tutupan lahan menunjukkan algoritma SVM kernel Radial Basis Function (RBF) memberikan akurasi yang tinggi, yaitu 70,42% dengan koefisien kappa 0,61, sedangkan hasil uji signifikansi menunjukkan bahwa SVM dengan kernel RBF tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dengan kernel Sigmoid. Berdasarkan tahun 2005-2017, adanya perubahan alih fungsi lahan memberikan dampak pada konsentrasi MPT karena memiliki korelasi yang tinggi serta berpengaruh terhadap perubahan garis pantai yaitu abrasi (Berakit) dan akresi (Bintan Buyu dan Teluk Sesah).
ABSTRACT
Mangrove serves as a protector for coastal abrasion, spawning ground, and natural habitats of species of terrestrial and marine biota. It is widely used for producing woods, tourist areas and conservation areas. The change of its functions above will therefore affect to altering its area cover that is impacted to an imbalance of aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to analyze the changes of mangrove extent using the Landsat images with data acquisition (2005- 2017) with interval 4 years. The data used in this study were Landsat 5 (2005, 2009) and Landsat 8 (2013 and 2017) at 3 villages (Berakit, Bintan Buyu and Teluk Sesah). The data were analyzed by using algorithms of Maximum Likelihood (MLH) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) with 4 kernels. The change of mangrove cover was then analyzed according to Total Suspended Solid (TSS). The results showed that mangroves, settlements and plantations had increase in the 3 villages. The land cover classification showed that SVM algorithm with kernel Radial Basis Function (RBF) gave high accuracy of 70.42% with coefficient kappa 0.61 while significance test showed no significant difference with SVM Sigmoid kernel type. Based on 2005-2017, changes in land use change have an impact on MPT concentration because it has a high correlation and has an effect on shoreline changes namely abrasion (Berakit) and accretion (Bintan Buyu and Teluk Sesah).
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