MONITORING SEBARAN VEGETASI MANGROVE YANG DIREHABILITASI DI KAWASAN EKOWISATA MANGROVE WONOREJO SURABAYA
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Kawasan pesisir Wonorejo merupakan kawasan mangrove yang direhabilitasi menjadi kawasan ekowisata. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola pembentukan zonasi vegetasi pada ekosistem mangrove yang telah direhabilitasi. Lokasi pengamatan berada pada 3 stasiun, yaitu Stasiun 1 terletak pada batas atas zona supratidal, Stasiun 2 di pertengahan zona intertidal, dan Stasiun 3 pada zona subtidal. Struktur vegetasi mangrove dianalisis berdasarkan Kerapatan Jenis (K), Dominansi (D), dan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP); sedangkan sebaran vegetasi mangrove berdasarkan karakteristik lingkungan dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama (Principal Component Analysis, PCA). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa jenis yang dominan pada Stasiun 1 adalah Nypa fruticans (84,2%), sedangkan pada Stasiun 2 jenis yang dominan adalah Excoecaria agallocha (40,9%), dan di Stasiun 3 adalah Avicennia alba (83,4%). Tingkat kerusakan vegetasi mangrove di Wonorejo dikategorikan sedang, dengan kerapatan pohon antara ≥ 1000 – < 1500 per hektar. Indeks keanekaragaman pada semua stasiun juga tergolong rendah karena bernilai kurang dari 1,5. Ekosistem ini mulai menunjukkan adanya suksesi ekosistem, terbukti dengan mulai adanya jenis-jenis mangrove lain yang tidak ditanam dengan sengaja. Hasil analisis PCA menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif antara parameter jenis vegetasi dengan tinggi rendaman pasut, salinitas, dan pH, yang berkontribusi membentuk sumbu F2 positif. Artinya ketiga parameter tersebut merupakan faktor utama yang menentukan apakah ekosistem tersebut sesuai untuk pertumbuhan jenis mangrove tertentu.
ABSTRACT
The coastal area of Wonorejo is the mangrove area rehabilitated to become an ecotourism area. The research aims to analyze the patterns of formation of mangrove vegetation zoning that have been rehabilitated. The observation locations are at 3 stations, i.e. station 1 is located at the upper limit of supratidal zone, station 2 is in the middle of intertidal zone, and station 3 is in the subtidal zone. The structure of the mangrove vegetation were analyzed based on the species density (K), dominance (D), and important value index (IVI); while the distribution of mangrove vegetation based on environmental characteristics was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the dominant species at Station 1 was Nypa fruticans (84.2%), whereas in Station 2 the dominant species was Excoecaria agallocha (40.9%), and at Station 3 was Avicennia alba (83.4%) The level of damage to mangrove vegetation in Wonorejo is categorized as medium, with tree densities between ≥ 1000 - <1500 per hectare. Diversity index at all stations is also relatively low because it is worth less than 1.5. This ecosystem begins to show the existence of an ecosystem succession, as evidenced by the start of other species of mangroves that are not planted intentionally. The results of PCA analysis showed a positive correlation between the parameters of vegetation types with high tide baths, salinity, and pH, which contributed to forming a positive F2 axis. This means that the three parameters are the main factors that determine whether the ecosystem is suitable for the growth of certain species of mangroves.
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