Characterization and Evaluation of Tungro Resistence of Local Rice from Mataram, Toraja, and South Kalimantan

Abstract

Local varieties have the potency to be resistant to tungro disease stress, and therefore it is expected to increase the performance of rice varieties cultivated in lowland and swamp areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological characters and resistance of local rice varieties from Mataram, Toraja, and South Kalimantan against tungro disease. The characterization was performed on fifteen local varieties and five check varieties, namely Ciherang, Utri Merah, TKM6, Situ Patenggang, and Inpari 30. The evaluation used green leafhopper resistant (T1-T4) and tungro resistant (V1-V4) varieties. Each variety was observed for its morphological characters, then the data obtained were analyzed by NTSYS 2.02 software to obtain a dendrogram. The second activity was the evaluation of local varieties; five plants of each were inoculated with green leafhoppers. The disease index was calculated following the IRRI SES guidelines, then the presence of RTBV was confirmed by PCR. There were similarities in all varieties in the character of corral color, ligule shape, and panicle exsertion. The local varieties having the closest morphological similarities to the varieties preferred by farmers and resistance to tungro disease and green leafhopper are Siam Kuning and Karukut, so they can be recommended as parents for breeding new tungro-resistant varieties.

Keywords: morphological characters, rice tungro resistance, germplasm, preference test