Perbanyakan Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) ‘Sukma’ In Vitro dari Eksplan Tunas Pucuk sebagai Respon terhadap BA dan NAA

Abstract

Papaya is one of tropical fruits native to Southern Mexico and which have been cultivated in Indonesia for a long
time. Papaya is usually propagated by seeds. Therefore, the offsprings are not true-to-type. This study was conducted to
develop a protocol of in vitro propagation of papaya ‘Sukma’ from shoot tips of in vitro germinated seeds as explants. Seeds
were extracted from fruit that physiologically ripe and it germinated on MS basal medium. The experiment was set up in a
randomized block design with culturing day as blocks (four blocks) and various concentrations of BA (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and
2.0 mg L-1) in MS medium enriched with NAA 0.5 mg L-1 as treatment. Shoot tips in the MS medium without plant growth
regulator as control so there was six treatments and 24 observation units. Each observation units contained five culture
vessels and each culture vessels contained four explants. The results showed that the highest number of shoots, number of
leaves, number of nodes, and percentage of explant forming callus were obtained by BA 1.0-1.5, 1.0-2.0, 0.5-2.0, and 1.0-
1.5 mg L-1, respectively. The highest percentage of explant forming roots were obtained in medium without BA. Analysis of
regression showed that the optimum concentration to get the highest number of shoots and leaves were BA 1.31 and 1.35 mg
L-1, while explants will be rooted in medium without BA. Thus, in vitro propagation for papaya ‘Sukma’ should be conducted
in two steps, i.e. for shooting and rooting growth.