The Communication Behaviour of Farmers and Strategies to Strengthen the Capacity of Information Access in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 in Ambon City
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan karakteristik petani di Kota Ambon terkait dengan perilaku penggunaan telepon seluler; menentukan faktor pendorong dan penghambat petani menggunakan telepon seluler; menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku komunikasi petani, khususnya penggunaan telepon seluler untuk mengakses informasi pertanian; dan mendisain strategi penguatan kapasitas petani menggunakan telepon seluler untuk mengakses informasi usahatani. Penelitian melibatkan 235 petani dari 47 kelompok tani yang mewakili 88 kelompok tani di Kota Ambon. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan statistik inferensial menggunakan uji korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil analisis data digunakan untuk mendisain strategi penguatan kapasitas petani mengakses informasi secara virtual dengan telepon seluler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar petani berusia dewasa (>40-55 tahun) dengan tingkat pendidikan dominan pada kategori sedang (SLTP – tamat SLTA), namun memiliki pengalaman berusahatani kategori panjang (>15 tahun). Faktor pendorong utama petani menggunakan telepon seluler adalah berkomunikasi dengan keluarga dan teman-teman, sedangkan faktor penghambat utama adalah biaya pembelian pulsa. Pengetahuan dan keterampilan >60% petani mengakses informasi pertanian melalui telepon seluler tergolong rendah, namun dominan petani setuju pemanfaatan telepon seluler sebagai media informasi pertanian. Strategi penguatan kapasitas petani mengakses informasi melalui telepon seluler melibatkan lima pihak utama, yaitu kelompok tani, penyuluh pertanian, perguruan tinggi dan lembaga riset setempat, pemerintah daerah, dan penyedia layanan internet.
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