Evaluasi Sistem Penggerak dan Modifikasi Mesin Penanam Jagung Bertenaga Traktor Tangan
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Abstract
Abstract
To improve the performance of corn planter powered by hand tractor, the following efforts were carried out: a) the evaluation of minimum tillage (strip tillage) using rotary tiller, b) the evaluation of the performance of the drive system for seed metering device; and c) modifications of the planting and fertilizing units. The machine capacity to be improved by using two planting rows in one pass. The machine was driven by a hand tractor equipped with a rotary tiller unit. The experiment results show that the strip tillage using the rotary tiller could be done when the soil is plowed, in a relatively loose condition. Among the five types of drive wheel to rotate the seed metering device, lugged rubber wheel had the lowest level of sliding (21- 22%), and produced seed spacing of the closest to the target (19-21 cm). The evaluation showed that one drive wheel is not able to drive two units of seed metering device and two units of fertilizer metering device. Rotation of tractor axle can be used effectively to drive the rotor of two units of the fertilizer applicator and corn seed metering devices of two planter units, using the sprocket-chain transmission. Modifications were constructed for two planting units; two fertilizing units; and the addition of drive system for the metering devices using rotation of the tractor axle.
Keywords: Planting machine, fertilizer applicator, corn, tractor wheel axle, hand tractor
Abstrak
Untuk meningkatkan kinerja mesin penanam dan pemupuk jagung bertenaga traktor tangan, telah dilakukan: a) evaluasi pengolahan tanah minimal (strip tillage) menggunakan unit pengolah tanah rotari, b) evaluasi kinerja sistem penggerak bagian penjatah benih; dan c) modifikasi pada unit penanam dan pemupuk jagung. Kapasitas mesin ditingkatkan dengan penanaman dua alur dalam satu lintasan. Mesin
penanamdigerakkan oleh traktor tangan yang dilengkapi unit pengolah tanah rotari. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan tanah strip dengan unit pengolah tanah rotari bisa dilakukan dengan baik bila tanah sudah dibajak, dalam kondisi yang relatif gembur. Dari lima jenis roda bantu untuk menggerakkan sistem penjatah benih, roda penggerak karet bersirip memiliki tingkat luncuran yang paling rendah (21-22%), dan menghasilkan jarak tanam benih yang paling mendekati target (19-21 cm). Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa sebuah roda bantu tidak mampu menggerakkan dengan baik dua unit penjatah benih dan dua unit penjatah pupuk. Putaran poros roda traktor dapat digunakan secara efektif untuk menggerakkan poros rotor penjatah pupuk pada dua unit pemupuk dan poros piringan penjatah benih jagung pada dua unit penanam, menggunakan transmisi sproket-rantai. Modifikasi terlah berhasil dilakukan pada unit penanam, pemupuk dan penambahan sistem penggerak unit penjatah benih dan pupuk dari putaran poros roda traktor.
Kata kunci: Mesin penanam, pemupuk, jagung, poros roda traktor, traktor tangan
Diterima: 06 November 2014; Disetujui: 05 Februari 2015
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