Desain Ergonomis Sistem Penggandengan Trailer pada Traktor Roda Dua
Abstract
Abstract
The existing hitch system which pulled trailer on the two-wheel tractor had disadvantages when turning it, the tractor handlebar moved away from operator control, consequently the handlebar position is already beyond the operator control range so the operator had to bend. For a larger radius turning, the operator had to descend from operator seat. The purpose of this study was to design an ergonomic trailer hitching system for Indonesian operator. Prototype tests carried out include performance and functional testing. The pivot type trailer hitching system was the most superiortype compare to the other concept. With the design of this system the operator's position is fixed to the handlebars of the two-wheeled tractor, both in straight and turn operations, so that the
operator can fully control the two-wheeled tractor along with all the control levers. The ideal dimension of the operator seat were seat height of 410 mm, backrest distance of 1700 mm, seat length of 320 mm, and seat width of 300 mm. Two-wheel tractor with pivot type trailer hitching system has a turning radius of 2.18 m - 2.82 m better than existing system of 3.72 m - 4.03 m.
Abstrak
Sistem penggandengan konvensional untuk menarik trailer pada traktor roda dua memiliki kelemahan pada saat berbelok, stang traktor bergerak menjauh dari posisi kendali operator, akibatnya posisi stang sudah
berada di luar kendali jangkauan operator sehingga operator harus membungkuk. Untuk belokan dengan sudut yang lebih besar operator harus turun dari tempat duduk operator untuk dapat mengendalikan traktor. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendesain sistem penggandengan trailer yang ergonomis untuk operator Indonesia.
Pengujian-pengujian prototipe yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian kinerja dan fungsional. Sistem penggandengan trailer tipe pivot merupakan yang paling unggul dibandingkan dengan konsep-konsep lainnya. Dengan desain sistem ini posisi operator adalah tetap terhadap alat-alat kendali traktor, baik dalam keadaan berjalan lurus maupun berbelok, sehingga operator dapat sepenuhnya mengendalikan traktor roda dua beserta semua tuastuas kendalinya. Dimensi-dimensi ideal tempat duduk operator (seat) adalah tinggi tempat duduk (Td) 410 mm, jarak sandaran duduk (Jd) 1700 mm, panjang tempat duduk (Pd) 320 mm, dan lebar tempat duduk (Ld) 300 mm. Traktor roda dua dengan sistem penggandengan tipe pivot memiliki radius putar 2.18 m – 2.82 m, lebih baik dibandingkan sistem konvensional yaitu 3.72 m – 4.03 m.
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