Water Balance Prediction by Simulating Land Use Planning and Water Retention Infrastructure in Upper Cisadane Sub-Watershed, West Java, Indonesia
Abstract
Currently, water resources management is still focused on on-site water resources infrastructure to achieve optimal water utilization, with almost never considered land management in which water resources are produced naturally. The research aim is to study the water balance in the Upper Cisadane Sub-Watershed, and to simulate a land use plan and development of water resource infrastructure to fulfill the need for water in the Upper Cisadane Sub-Watershed using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. Existing water availability was calculated using stream discharge data from River Flow Measurement Station Empang, whereas water demand has been analyzed for domestic, industries, agriculture, fisheries, and animal husbandry. Totally, water availability in the Upper Cisadane Sub-Watershed was ± 222.9 MCM (Million Cubic Meters) year-1, which was higher than the demand for water of as much as ± 209.8 MCM year-1 and resulted in a water surplus of ± 13.1 MCM year-1. However, water availability was not evenly distributed throughout the year, and there was always a water deficit in the dry season. To overcome drought during the dry season, five simulations of land use management and construction of water retention infrastructure were carried out using the SWAT model. The water deficit in the Upper Cisadane SubWatershed will be overcome by the consistent application of the spatial plan of West Java Province, reforestation of converted forest areas, applied agroforestry in agricultural land, and development of a reservoir with a storage capacity of 30 MCM.
References
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2. Hidayat Y, Purwakusuma W, Wahjunie ED, Baskoro DPT, Rachman LM, Yusuf SM, Adawiyah RM, Syaefudin I, Siregar MR, and Isnaini DA. Characteristics of Soil Hydraulic Conductivity in Natural Forest, Agricultural Land, and Green Open Space Area. Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 2020. Vol 9(1): 100-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.9.1.%15p
3. Oktanthya PS, Sinukaban N, dan Hidayat Y. Pengaruh penggunaan lahan terhadap debit aliran sungai di sub das Batang Arau Hulu Kota Padang. Skripsi Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. 2011.
4. Muchtar A and Abdullah N. Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Debit Sungai Mamasa. Jurnal Hutan dan Masyarakat. 2007, 2(1):174-187.
5. Hidayat Y. Penataan ruang berbasis sumberdaya air. Bahan kuliah Ekohidrologi dan Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Air Berkelanjutan (unpublished), 2021.
6. BPDAS Citarum-Ciliwung. Laporan Penyusunan Urutan Prioritas DAS di BP DAS Citarum-Ciliwung. Bogor, Indonesia. 2009.
7. Ahsoni, M.A. Perencanaan Penggunaan Lahan Berkelanjutan di Sub DAS Cisadane Hulu. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor, 2008
8. Maulana, A. Analisis Perubahan Kapasitas Simpan Air pada DAS Cisadane Hulu, Jawa Barat. Bogor, Indonesia: Institut Pertanian Bogor, 2016.
9. Rodríguez, M.I., Grindlay, A.L., Cuevas, M.M., Zamorano, M. Integrating land use planning and water resource management: threshold scenarios – a tool to reach sustainability - WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, 192, Ecosystems and Sustainable Development X, 2015, WIT Press, 231-242.
10. Pantic, M., Milijic, S., Zivanovic Miljkovic, J. Spatial Planning as a Land-Use and Building Regulation Tool for Protected Natural Areas in Serbia. In P. Mitković (Ed.), ICUP2018 2nd International Conference on Urban Planning – Proceedings (pp. 331-338). Niš, Serbia: Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Nis. 2018.
11. Marhaento H, Booij MJ, and Hoekstra AY. Hydrological response to future land-use change and climate change in a tropical catchment. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2018. DOI: 10.1080/02626667. 2018.1511054.
12. Bultot F, Dupriez GL, and Gellens D. Simulation of land use changes and impacts on the water balance — A case study for Belgium. Journal of Hydrology. 1990. Volume 114 (3-4): 327-348. https: doi.org/10. 1016/0022.1694(90)90064-5.
13. Jou HHH, Khojasteh DM, and Besalatpour AA. Land use planning based on soil and water assessment tool model in a mountainous watershed to reduce runoff and sediment load. Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 2019 Vol 99 (3). https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2018-0109.
14. Saddique N, Mahmood T, and Bernhofer C. Quantifying the impacts of land use/land cover change on the water balance in the afforested River Basin, Pakistan. Environmental Earth Science. 2020 https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12665-020-09206-w.
15. Woyessa YE, and Welderufael WA. Impact of land-use change on catchment water balance: a case study in the central region of South Africa. Geoscience Letters. 2021. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s40562-021-00204-9.
16. PPT [Pusat Penelitian Tanah]. Peta Tanah Tinjau Kabupaten Bogor. Indonesia. 1990
17. Schleich, J., Hillenbrand, T. Determinants of residential water demand in Germany - Ecological Economics, 2009, 68(6), 1756-1769.
18. Sari, I.K., Limantara, L.M., Priyantoro, D. Analisa ketersediaan dan kebutuhan air pada DAS Sampean - Jurnal Teknik Pengairan, 2012, 2(1), 29-41.
19. Dinas Bina Marga dan Sumberdaya Air Kota Bogor. Debit Harian Bendung Lintas dan Non Lintas Balai PSDA Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung Cisadane tahun 2013-2018. Bogor, Indonesia: Balai PSDA Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung Cisadane.2018
20. Arnold, J.G., Kiniry, J.R., Srinivasan, R., Williams, J.R., Haney, E.B., & Neitsch, S.L. Soil and Water Assessment Tool: Input/Output Documentation Version 2012. TR-439. Texas, USA: Texas Water Research Institut, 2012.
21. Ridwansyah, I., Pawitan, H., Sinukaban, N., Hidayat, Y. Watershed Modeling with ArcSWAT and SUFI2 In Cisadane Catchment Area: Calibration and Validation of River Flow Prediction - International Journal of Science and Engineering, 2014, 6(2), 12-21. https://doi.org/ 10.12777 /ijse.6.2.92-101.
22. Sulaeman, D., Hidayat, Y., Rachman, L.M., Tarigan, S.D. Best management practice untuk menurunkan debit aliran dan hasil sedimen das ciujung menggunakan model SWAT- Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan, 2016, 18(1), 8-14.
23. Nugroho, S.P., Tarigan, S.D., Hidayat, Y. Analisis Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan dan Debit Aliran di Sub DAS Cicatih. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan. 2018, 8(2), 258–263. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244 /jpsl.8.2.258-263.
24. Munggaran, G., Hidayat, Y., Tarigan, S.D., Baskoro, D.P.T. Analisis respon hidrologi dan simulasi teknik konservasi tanah dan air Sub DAS Cimanuk Hulu, Jurnal Tanah dan Lingkungan, 2017. 19(1), 26-32. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.29244/jitl.19.1.26-32.
25. BMKG [Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, Geofisika]. Data online Pusat Data Base-BMKG, 2020. https://data online.bmkg.go.id
26. BPDAS Citarum-Ciliwung. Perencanaan Pengelolaan DAS terpadu DAS Cisadane. Bogor, Indonesia. 2016
27. BPS [Badan Pusat Statistik]. Kota Bogor Dalam Angka Tahun 2018. Bogor, Indonesia: BPS Kota Bogor. 2018
28. BPS [Badan Pusat Statistik]. Kabupaten Bogor Dalam Angka Tahun 2018. Bogor, Indonesia: BPS Kota Bogor. 2018.
29. Zhang W, Mu SS, Zhang YZ, and Chen KM. Seasonal and interannual variations of flow discharge from Pearl River into the sea. Water Science and Engineering. 2012. Vol 5(4): 399-409. doi:10.3882 /j. issn.1674-2370.2012.04.004.
30. Konapala G, Mishra AK, Wada Y, and Mann ME. 2020. Climate change will affect global water availability through compounding changes in seasonal precipitation and evaporation. Nature Communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16757-w.
31. Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. Peta Kawasan Hutan berdasarkan SK Men LHK No 278 2017. 2017. https://tanahair.indonesia.go.id/sdi/dataset/peta-kawasan-hutan-berdasarkan-sk-men-lhk-no-278-2017
32. Pemda Jawa Barat. Peraturan Daerah Nomor 22 tahun 2010: Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2009-2029. 2020. https://jdih.dprd.jabarprov.go.id /dokumen /peraturan-daerah/2010/22.
33. Qazi NQ, Bruijnzeel LA, Rai SP, and Ghimire CP. 2017. Impact of forest degradation on streamflow regime and runoff response to rainfall in the Garhwal Himalaya, Northwest India. Hydrological Sciences Journal. Vol 62 (7): 1114–1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2017.1308637.
34. Wangpimool W, Pongput K, Sukvibool C, Sombatpanit S, and Gassman PW. The effect of reforestation on stream flow in the Upper Nan River Basin using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. International Soil and Water Conservation Research. 2013, Vol (2): 53–63.
35. Anwar Y, Setyasih I, Setiawan MA, and Christanto N. Evaluation of spatial plan in controlling stream flow rate in Wakung Watershed, Pemalang, Central Java, Indonesia. OP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/148/1/012030.
36. Mwangi H, Julich S, Patil SD, McDonal MA, and Feger KH. Modelling the impact of agroforestry on hydrology of Mara River Basin in East Africa. Hydrologycal Processes, 2016, 30 (18). DOI: 10.1002/hyp.10852
37. Rachman LM, Hidayat Y, Baskoro DPT, and Noywuli N. Simulasi Pengendalian Debit DAS Ciliwung Hulu dengan Menggunakan Model SWAT. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai Secara Terpadu. LPPM. Universitas Riau. Riau. 2017.
38. Inayah A, Hidayat Y, and Tarigan SD. Simulasi Retensi Air Permukaan Menggunakan Model HEC-GeoHMS (Studi Kasus: DAS Ciliwung Hulu). Master Tesis. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. 2017.
Authors
HidayatY., RachmanL. M., WahjunieE. D., BaskoroD. P. T., PurwakusumaW., YusufS. M. and AraswatiF. D. (2024) “Water Balance Prediction by Simulating Land Use Planning and Water Retention Infrastructure in Upper Cisadane Sub-Watershed, West Java, Indonesia”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 14(2), p. 415. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.14.2.415.
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