Pollution and the abundance of plankton in Rangkui River in Bangka Island
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Accepted
4 July 2024
Published
30 October 2024
Keywords:
-
pollution, Rangkui River, plankton, diversity, abundance
Abstract
Land use and activity around the Rangkui Watershed affect water quality, and plankton have been studied to help manage the river's water quality. In the 2017 dry season, six station points representing land use functions from upstream to downstream were studied. Surface water sampling was carried out during the day with three replicates. Pollution around the Rangkui Watershed affected plankton abundance. Based on saprobity and physicochemical readings, the pollution level ranged from light upstream to heavy downstream. This study found 15 species from 15 families from six phytoplankton classes, that is, Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Dinophyceae, and 2 species of zooplankton Eurotatoria, and Branchiopoda. The highest total abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton was observed upstream of Station 1 (721 ind/L) and gradually decreased downstream, with the exception of the absence of plankton at Station 3. Nitrate had a positive correlation with phytoplankton at different correlation levels, whereas other abiotic environments responded differently to phytoplankton and zooplankton. The water quality is highest upstream, where there are pepper plantations, and gradually decreases as it flows downstream. The station near tin mining activities was the most polluted.
References
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Chrismadha T, Lukman. 2008. Struktur komunitas dan biomassa fitoplankton Danau Limboto, Sulawesi. J Limnotek. 15(2):87-98.
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Iswanto CY, Hutabarat S, Purnomo PW. 2015. Analisis kesuburan perairan berdasarkan keanekaragaman plankton, nitrat dan fosfat di Sungai Jali dan Sungai Lebeng Desa Keburuhan, Purworejo. J Maquares. 4(3):84-90.
Lamb MA, Lowe RL. 1987. Effects of current velocity on the physical structuring of diatom (Bacillariophyceae) communities. OHIO J. SCI. 87 (3):72-78.
Lind O. 1979. Handbook of common methods in limnology (2nd. edition). Kendal: Hunt Publishing Company Dubuque, Lowa
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Makmur M, Kusnoputranto, Moersidik, Wisnubroto D. 2012. Pengaruh limbah organik dan rasio n/p terhadap kelimpahan fitoplankton di kawasan budidaya kerang hijau Cilincing. J TPL. 15(2):51-64.
Meisaputra D. 2013. Keanekaragaman plankton di aliran Sungai Rangkui Kota Pangkalpinang [skripsi]. Pangkalpinang (24): Universitas Bangka Belitung.
Muslih K, Adiwilaga EM, Adiwibowo S. 2014. Pengaruh penambangan timah terhadap keanekaragaman ikan sungai dan kearifan lokal masyarakat di Kabupaten Bangka. J Limnotek. 21(1):52-63.
Nontji A. 2006. Tiada kehidupan di bumi tanpa keberadaan plankton. Jakarta (248): LIPI.
Nontji A. 2008. Plankton laut. Jakarta (331): LIPI Press.
Nugroho A. 2006. Bioindikator kualitas air. Jakarta (137): Penerbit Universitas Trisakti.
Odum EP. 1998. Dasar-dasar ekologi. Yogyakarta (697): Universitas Gajah Mada.
Pramitha S. 2010. Analisis Kualitas Air Sungai Aloo, Sidoarjo berdasarkan Keanekaragaman dan Komposisi Fitoplankton [skripsi]. Surabaya (46): Institut Teknologi Surabaya.
Pratiwi DE, Koenawan CJ, Zulfikar A. 2015. Hubungan kelimpahan plankton terhadap kualitas air di perairan Malang Rapat Kabupaten Bintan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. http://jurnal.umrah.ac.id. [accessed 12 March 2017].
Prescott GW. 1951. Algae of the Western Great Lakes Area, exclusive of desmids and diatoms: with an illustrated key to the genera of Desmids and Freshwater Diatoms. Issue 30 of Bulletin (Cranbrook Institute of Science). Dubuque (946): W.C. Brown Company.
Romimohtarto K, Juwana S. 2001. Biologi laut: ilmu pengetahuan tentang biota laut. Jakarta (540): Penerbit Djambatan.
Romimohtarto K. 1985. Seafarming Workshop Report Bandar Lampung 28 October - 1 November 1985 Part II - Technical Report. https://www.fao.org/3/AB882E/AB882E13.htm#ref1m (accessed 25 April 2023)
Rudiyanti S. 2011. Kualitas perairan Sungai Banger Pekalongan berdasarkan indikator biologis. J Saintek Perikanan. 4(2):46-52. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.4.2.46-52
Sachlan HS.1982. Planktonologi. Semarang (73): Universitas Diponegoro.
Siregar MH. 2009. Studi keanekaragaman plankton di hulu Sungai Asahan Porsea [skripsi]. Medan (51): Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Soedibjo BS. 2006. Struktur komunitas fitoplankton dan hubungannya dengan beberapa parameter lingkungan di Perairan Teluk Jakarta. J OLDI. 40:65-78.
Suin NM. 2002. Metode Ekologi. Padang (148): Universitas Andalas.
Supriyantini E. 2013. Pengaruh salinitas terhadap kandungan nutrisi Skeletonema costatum. Bull Oseanografi Marina. 2:51-57.
Suwondo, Febrita E, Dessy, Alpusari. 2004. Kualitas biologi perairan Sungai Senapelan, Sago dan Sail di kota Pekanbaru berdasarkan bioindikator plankton dan benthos. J Biogenesis. 1(1):15-20.
Tundisi JG, Matsumura-Tundisi T. 2011. Limnology. Boca Raton (864): CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.
Vuuren SJV, Taylor J, Ginkel CV, Gerber A. 2006. Easy identification of the most common freshwater algae. Potchefstroom (210): North-West University.
Wijaya HK. 2009. Komunitas perifiton dan fitoplankton serta parameter fisika -kimnia perairan sebagai penentu kualitas air di bagian Hulu Sungai Cisadane, Jawa Barat [skripsi]. Bogor (96): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
World Register of Marine Species; https://www.marinespecies.org/index.php [accessed 23 March 2023]
Yuagustini R. 2021. Analisis pengaruh perubahan tata guna lahan terhadap debit banjir Sungai Rangkui [skripsi]. Bangka (67): Universitas Bangka Belitung.
[BAPELDALDA] Balai Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan Daerah Pangkalpinang. 2004. Pemantauan kualitas air Sungai Rangkui. Pangkalpinang (38): Bappedalda Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung.
[BPDASHL] Balai Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai dan Hutan Lindung. 2017. Peta Daerah Aliran Sungai Rangkui-Pendindang-Pusuk. Pangkalpinang (138): BPDASHL.
[OBIS] Ocean Biogeographic Information System. 2012. Chaetoceros debilis. http://www.iobis.org. [accessed 3 March 2018].
[SNI] Standar Nasional Indonesia. 2008. Air dan air limbah – Bagian 57: Metode pengambilan contoh air permukaan. www.547-sni-69857-2008.ac.id. [23 Maret 2017]
Afrizal S. 1995. Kelimpahan dan Penyebaran Diatom Epilitik pada Sungai Sekitar Kampus Universitas Andalas. Padang (74): Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Andalas.
Alamanda S, Weidarti S, Triastinurmiatiningsih. 2012. Kualitas air dan keanekaragaman jenis plankton di Sungai Cisadane, Jawa Barat. http://unpak.ac.id. [accessed 12 Desember 2017].
Aprillia T, Rachmatiah I. 2013. Uji toksisitas akut limbah cair industri pulp dan kertas terhadap Daphnia magma (Studi kasus: PT Aspex Kembong). www.publikasi.ftsl.itb.ac.id. [accessed 4 March 2018].
Arinardi OH, Trimaningsih, Sudirjo. 1994. Pengantar tentang plankton dan kisaran kelimpahan plankton predominan di sekitar Pulau Jawa dan Bali. Jakarta (108): LIPI.
Arsyadi A. 2019. A short review: Water environment of Rangkui river. Technical Report May 2019. : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332935303
Aryawati R, Ulqodry TZ, Isnaini, Surbakti H. 2021. Fitoplankton sebagai bioindikator pencemaran organik di perairan Sungai Musi Bagian Hilir Sumatra Selatan. J. Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 13(1): 163-171. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jurnalikt
Basmi J. 2000. Planktonologi: plankton sebagai indikator kualitas perairan. Bogor (40): Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan.
Bellinger EG, Sigee DC. 2010. Freshwater algae: identification and use as bioindicators. Chichester (254): Wiley-Blackwell.
Chrismadha T, Lukman. 2008. Struktur komunitas dan biomassa fitoplankton Danau Limboto, Sulawesi. J Limnotek. 15(2):87-98.
Dembowska EA. 2021. The use of phytoplankton in the assessment of water quality in the lower section of Poland’s largest river. Water 13, 3471. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233471
Dresscher, ThGN, van der Mark H. 1976. A simplified method for the biological assessment of the quality of fresh and slightly brackish water. Hydrobiologia 48(3):199-201.
Effendi H. 2003. Telaah kualitas air bagi pengelolaan sumberdaya dan lingkungan perairan. Yogyakarta (294): Penerbit Kanisius.
Fachrul MF. 2007. Metode sampling bioekologi. Jakarta (198): Bumi Aksara.
Faza MF. 2012. Struktur Komunitas Plankton di Sungai Pesanggrahan dari Bagian Hulu (Bogor, Jawa Barat) hingga Bagian Hilir (Kembangan, DKI Jakarta) [skripsi]. Depok (74): Universitas Indonesia.
Ferdiansyah R. 2011 Mei 12. Air Rangkui tidak seperti dulu lagi. Media Indonesia. Kolom Nusantara: 9 [Accessed 12 Februari 2017].
Ghosal S, Rogers M, Wray A. 2000. The turbulent life of phytoplankton. Center for Turbulence Research Proceedings of the Summer Program 2000, pp.31-45.
Greeson PE. 1982. An Annotated Key to the Identification of Commonly Occuring and Dominant Genera of Algae Observed in the Phytoplankton the United States. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2079. Washington (145): United States Government Printing Office.
https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2079
Hariyati L, Syah AF, Triajie H. 2010. Studi komunitas fitoplankton di Pesisir Kenjeran Surabaya sebagai bioindikator kualitas perairan. J Kelautan. 3(2):117-131.
Hasan Z, Syawalludin IN, Lili W. 2013. Struktur komunitas plankton di Situ Cisanti Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat. J Akuatika. 4(1):80-88.
Henny C, Susanti E. 2009. Karakteristik limnologi kolong bekas tambang timah di Pulau bangka. J Limnotek. 16(2):119-131.
Iswanto CY, Hutabarat S, Purnomo PW. 2015. Analisis kesuburan perairan berdasarkan keanekaragaman plankton, nitrat dan fosfat di Sungai Jali dan Sungai Lebeng Desa Keburuhan, Purworejo. J Maquares. 4(3):84-90.
Lamb MA, Lowe RL. 1987. Effects of current velocity on the physical structuring of diatom (Bacillariophyceae) communities. OHIO J. SCI. 87 (3):72-78.
Lind O. 1979. Handbook of common methods in limnology (2nd. edition). Kendal: Hunt Publishing Company Dubuque, Lowa
Maghfiroh M, Novianti H, Lukman, Nurtjahya E. 2019. Bacterial indicators reveal water quality status of Rangkui River, Bangka Island, Indonesia. 2019 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 389 012008. Https://10.1088/1755-1315/380/1/012008
Makmur M, Kusnoputranto, Moersidik, Wisnubroto D. 2012. Pengaruh limbah organik dan rasio n/p terhadap kelimpahan fitoplankton di kawasan budidaya kerang hijau Cilincing. J TPL. 15(2):51-64.
Meisaputra D. 2013. Keanekaragaman plankton di aliran Sungai Rangkui Kota Pangkalpinang [skripsi]. Pangkalpinang (24): Universitas Bangka Belitung.
Muslih K, Adiwilaga EM, Adiwibowo S. 2014. Pengaruh penambangan timah terhadap keanekaragaman ikan sungai dan kearifan lokal masyarakat di Kabupaten Bangka. J Limnotek. 21(1):52-63.
Nontji A. 2006. Tiada kehidupan di bumi tanpa keberadaan plankton. Jakarta (248): LIPI.
Nontji A. 2008. Plankton laut. Jakarta (331): LIPI Press.
Nugroho A. 2006. Bioindikator kualitas air. Jakarta (137): Penerbit Universitas Trisakti.
Odum EP. 1998. Dasar-dasar ekologi. Yogyakarta (697): Universitas Gajah Mada.
Pramitha S. 2010. Analisis Kualitas Air Sungai Aloo, Sidoarjo berdasarkan Keanekaragaman dan Komposisi Fitoplankton [skripsi]. Surabaya (46): Institut Teknologi Surabaya.
Pratiwi DE, Koenawan CJ, Zulfikar A. 2015. Hubungan kelimpahan plankton terhadap kualitas air di perairan Malang Rapat Kabupaten Bintan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. http://jurnal.umrah.ac.id. [accessed 12 March 2017].
Prescott GW. 1951. Algae of the Western Great Lakes Area, exclusive of desmids and diatoms: with an illustrated key to the genera of Desmids and Freshwater Diatoms. Issue 30 of Bulletin (Cranbrook Institute of Science). Dubuque (946): W.C. Brown Company.
Romimohtarto K, Juwana S. 2001. Biologi laut: ilmu pengetahuan tentang biota laut. Jakarta (540): Penerbit Djambatan.
Romimohtarto K. 1985. Seafarming Workshop Report Bandar Lampung 28 October - 1 November 1985 Part II - Technical Report. https://www.fao.org/3/AB882E/AB882E13.htm#ref1m (accessed 25 April 2023)
Rudiyanti S. 2011. Kualitas perairan Sungai Banger Pekalongan berdasarkan indikator biologis. J Saintek Perikanan. 4(2):46-52. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.4.2.46-52
Sachlan HS.1982. Planktonologi. Semarang (73): Universitas Diponegoro.
Siregar MH. 2009. Studi keanekaragaman plankton di hulu Sungai Asahan Porsea [skripsi]. Medan (51): Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Soedibjo BS. 2006. Struktur komunitas fitoplankton dan hubungannya dengan beberapa parameter lingkungan di Perairan Teluk Jakarta. J OLDI. 40:65-78.
Suin NM. 2002. Metode Ekologi. Padang (148): Universitas Andalas.
Supriyantini E. 2013. Pengaruh salinitas terhadap kandungan nutrisi Skeletonema costatum. Bull Oseanografi Marina. 2:51-57.
Suwondo, Febrita E, Dessy, Alpusari. 2004. Kualitas biologi perairan Sungai Senapelan, Sago dan Sail di kota Pekanbaru berdasarkan bioindikator plankton dan benthos. J Biogenesis. 1(1):15-20.
Tundisi JG, Matsumura-Tundisi T. 2011. Limnology. Boca Raton (864): CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.
Vuuren SJV, Taylor J, Ginkel CV, Gerber A. 2006. Easy identification of the most common freshwater algae. Potchefstroom (210): North-West University.
Wijaya HK. 2009. Komunitas perifiton dan fitoplankton serta parameter fisika -kimnia perairan sebagai penentu kualitas air di bagian Hulu Sungai Cisadane, Jawa Barat [skripsi]. Bogor (96): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
World Register of Marine Species; https://www.marinespecies.org/index.php [accessed 23 March 2023]
Yuagustini R. 2021. Analisis pengaruh perubahan tata guna lahan terhadap debit banjir Sungai Rangkui [skripsi]. Bangka (67): Universitas Bangka Belitung.
Authors
NurtjahyaE., NashriahT. and LukmanL. (2024) “Pollution and the abundance of plankton in Rangkui River in Bangka Island”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 14(4), p. 855. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.14.4.855.
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