Correlation of some water quality parameters and Pb in sediment to gastropod diversity in Ambon Island Waters
Abstract
The coastal waters of Ambon Island have quite diverse ecosystems that allow for the presence of various organisms, one of which is gastropods. This study aims to analyze the correlation of some water parameters and Pb in sediment to the diversity of gastropods. The research method was carried out by observing the density, water quality parameters, and Pb metal in sediments. Water parameters were measured in situ and analyzed in the laboratory. The distribution of gastropods was analyzed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). At the same time, the correlation analysis was carried out using the Pearson correlation approach using SPSS v.16. The results showed that the types of gastropods with the highest density in the waters of Ambon Island were Terebralia sulcata, Hebra corticata, and Nerita patula. While the species with the lowest density value were Nassarius olivaceus, Polinices didyma, Lunella cinerea, Conus eburneus, Cypraea isabella, Vexillum plicarium, and Columbella scripta. The Shannon-Wienner Diversity Index ranges from 1.253–2.622, and the diversity index ranges from 0.083-0.207. It was included in the low category caused by the disturbance of water pollution and Pb metal in sediments. Meanwhile, the dominance index ranged from 0.098 to 0.511 indicating species dominance at several observation stations. The waters' physical-chemical parameters strongly correlating with gastropod diversity are DO and Pb, with respective correlation values of r = 0.656 and r = -0.785.
References
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Basmi J. 1999. Planktonologi (Bioekologi Plankton Algae). Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor
Bieler R. 1992. Gastropod phylogeny and systematics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 23: 311 – 338.
Bouchet P, Rocroi J. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia. 47(1-2): 1 – 397.
BTKLPPM. 2010. Laporan Kajian Pemantauan Kualitas Perairan Teluk Ambon, Tahun 2010. Ambon: BTKLPPM.
Clark J. 1974. Coastal Ecosystems Ecological Considerations for Management of The Coastal Zone. Publications Department
Dharma B. 1988. Siput dan Kerang Indonesia (Indonesian Shells). Jakarta, Indonesia.
Fachrul, M. F. (2007). Metode Sampling Bioekologi. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press.
Hulopi M., de Queljoe K.M., Uneputty P.A. 2022. Keanekaragaman gastropoda di ekosistem mangrove pantai Negeri Passo Kecamatan Baguala Kota Ambon. Triton. 18(2): 121 – 132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30598/TRITONvol18issue2page121-132
Irawan I. 2008. Struktur komunitas moluska (Gastropoda dan Bivalvia) serta distribusinya di Pulau Burung dan Pulau Tikus, Gugusan Pulau Pari. [Skirpsi]. Bogor (ID). IPB University
Khouw A.S. 2009. Metode dan Analisa Kuantitatif dalam Bioteknologi Laut. Pusat Pembelajaran dan Pengembangan Pesisir dan Laut. Jakarta
Kordi K., Ghufron M.H, Tancung A.B. 2007. Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dalam Budi Daya Perairan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta
Krebs C.J. 1985. Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. Third Edition. Harper and Row Publishers
Klussmann-Kolb A. 2004. Phylogeny of the Aplysiidae (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia) with new aspects of the evolution of seahares. Zoologica Scripta. 33(5): 439 – 462.
Macintosh DJ, Ashtona EC, Havanon S. 2002. Mangrove rehabilitation and intertidal biodiversity: A study in the Ranong Mangrove Ecosystem, Thailand. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 55(3): 331 – 345.
Macnae W. 1968. A general account of the fauna and flora of mangrove swamps and forests in the Indo-West-Pacific region. Advances in Marine Biology. 6: 73 – 270.
Morgan GJ, Hailstone TS. 1986. Distribution of gastropods in a mangrove habitat in South-East Queensland. The Malacological Society of Australia. 7(3-4): 131 – 140.
Mujiono N. 2009. Mudwhelks (Gastropoda: Potamididae) from mangroves of Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten. Biologi. 13(2): 51 – 56.
Nasution S., Siska M. 2011. Kandungan logam berat Timbal (Pb) pada sedimen dan siput Strombus Canarium di perairan pantai Pulau Bintan. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan. 5(2): 82-93
Nordhaus I, Wolff M, Diele K. 2006. Litter processing and food intake of the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus in a high intertidal forets in Northen Brazil. Estuarine, Coastal, and Shelf Science. 67(1-2): 239-250.
Odum E.P. 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. 3rd. ed. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia.
Odum E.P. 1996. Dasar-dasar Ekologi; Edisi Ketiga.Yogyakarta. GadjahMada University Press, Penerjemah Samingan, Tjahjono.
Ponder WF, Lindberg DR. 1997. Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs: An analysis using morphological characters. Zoological Journal of The Linnean Society. 119(2): 83 – 265.
Ponnusamy K, Munilkumar S, Das S, Verma A, Venkitesan R, Pal AK. 2016. Shellfish resources around Madras Atomic Power Station Kalpakkam, Southeast India. Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. 10(1): 118 – 123.
Pieterzs J., Pentury R., Uneputty P.A. 2022. keanekaragaman gastropoda berdasarkan jenis mangrove pada pesisir pantai Desa Waiheru. Triton. 18(2): 103 – 109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30598/TRITONvol18issue2page103-109
Pribadi R, Hartati R, Suryono CA. 2009. Komposisi jenis dan distribusi gastropoda di kawasan hutan mangrove Segara Anakan Cilacap. Ilmu Kelautan. 14(2): 102 – 111.
Rahman, Wardiatno Y, Yulianda F, Rusmana I. 2020. Produksi serasah musiman pada berbagai spesies mangrove di pesisir Kabupaten Muna Barat – Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 25(3):325-335. DOI: doi.org/10.18343/jipi.25.3.323
Rachmawaty. 2011. Indeks Keanekaragaman makrozoobentos sebagai bioindikator tingkat pencemaran di Muara Sungai Jeneberang. Bionature. 12(2): 103 – 109. https://doi.org/10.35580/bionature.v12i2.3260
Rangan JK. 2010. Inventarisasi gastropoda di lantai hutan mangrove Desa Rap-Rap Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan. 4 (1): 63- 66.
Rodelli MR, Gearing JN, Gearing PJ, Marshall N, Sasekumar A. 1984. Stable isotope ratio as a tracer of mangrove carbon in Malaysian ecosystems. Oecologia. 61(3): 326 – 333.
Sasekumar A. 1974. Distribution of macrofauna on a Malayan mangrove shore. Animal Ecology. 43(1): 51 – 69.
Sastrawijaya. 1991. Pencemaran Lingkungan. Bandung: Rineka Cipta
Shannon C.E., Weaver W. 1949. The mathematical theory of communication., (The University of Illinois Press: Urbana, IL, USA).
Soegianto 1994. Ekologi Kuantitatif Metode Analisis Populasi dan Komunitas. Surabaya: Usaha Nasional.
Suratissa DM, Rathnayake U. 2017. Effect of pollution on diversity of marine gastropods and its role in trophic structure at Nasese Shore, Suva, Fiji Islands. Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. 10: 192 – 198.
Syahrial., Pranata E., Susilo H. Korelasi faktor lingkungan dan distribusi spasial komunitas moluska di kawasan reboisasi mangrove Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia. Torani. 2(2): 44 – 57.
Tetelepta, L. D. 2019. Komunitas gastropoda pada ekosistem mangrove di pantai Waisisil, Kecamatan Saparua, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Rumphius Pattimura Biological Journal 1(2): 27-30.
Wahyudi RA., Purnomo T., Ambarwati R. 2015. Kadar Timbal (Pb) dan kepadatan populasi Cerithidea sp. di Pantai Selatan Kabupaten Bangkalan Madura, Jawa Timur. Lentera Bio. 4(3): 174-179.
Wardhana W. 2004. Dampak Pencemaran Lingkungan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andy
Wilson, B. 1993. Australian Marine Shells I. Odyssey Publishing, Australia: 408 pp.
Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells 2. Odyssey Fublishing, Australia: 37 0 pp.
Authors
NatanJ., HendrikaN., LimmonG. V. and RahmanR. (2023) “Correlation of some water quality parameters and Pb in sediment to gastropod diversity in Ambon Island Waters”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 13(4), pp. 656-670. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.13.4.656-670.
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