The Effectiveness of Bio-enzymes Made from Fruit Waste and Mixture of Fruit Waste and Chicken Intestinal Content as Composting Activators
Abstract
The fermentation of fruit waste can produce bio-enzymes. These bio-enzymes may act as composting activators for composting organic materials. This study compared composting activators made from fruit waste, fruit waste enriched with chicken intestinal content, and Effective Microorganism-4 (EM-4) to evaluate their effectiveness for compost production. It was found that the peaks of temperatures of all activators applied were achieved within 3 days, varied between 55–57°C, and dropped to the lowest point on day 14 at a temperature of 33°C, indicating that the maturity of the compost fell in the same period. Based on statistical analysis, differences among the three activators were found in the C-organic and moisture content of the compost. However, the compost produced using the three activators, based on the quality standard determined by the Decree of Agriculture Minister of Republic Indonesia No. 261/KPTS/SR.310/6.M/4/2019 and SNI 19-7030-2004 were comparable and met these requirements. In conclusion, composting activators made from fruit waste and fruit waste enriched with chicken intestinal content might be used as composting activators for compost production as effective as composting activator EM-4.
References
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Indonesian National Standard. 2004. Specifications for Compost from Domestic Organic Waste SNI 19-7-030-2004, National Standard Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia. Available on: https://www.nawasis.org
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Nugroho JD. 1994. Litterfall and Soil Characteristics under Plantation of five tree species in Irian Jaya, Indonesia [Thesis]. Los Banos: The Faculty of The Graduate School, University of The Philippines Los Banos. pp.143.
Partanen P, Hultman J, Paulin L, Auvinen P, Romantschuk M. 2010. Bacterial diversity at different stages of the composting process. BMC Microbiology 10 (94):1-11 doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-94
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Trisakti B & Sijabat IP. 2020. pH Profile and Volatile Suspended Solids In The Composting Process Of Empty Palm Oil Bunches Using Active Organic Liquid Fertilizer As Co-Composting. Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 9(1):11-15. doi:10.32734/jtk.v9i1.
Vama L, and Cherekar MN. 2020. Production, Extraction, and Uses of Eco-enzyme Using Citrus Fruit Waste: Wealth from Waste. Asian Jr. of Microbiol. Biotech. Env. Sc. Vol. 22 (2): 346-351. Available on: http://www.envirobiotechjournals.com/AJMBES/v22i220/AJM-18.pdf.
Widarti BN, Wardhini WK, Sarwono, E. 2015. Effect of the C/N ratio of raw materials on making compost from cabbage and banana peels. Journal of Process Integration 5(2):75-80. Available on: http://jurnal.untirta.ac.id/index.php/jip.
Widawati S. 2005. The driving force of the fungus activator from the Wamena Biological Garden on the nutrient maturity of the compost, as well as the number of phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen fixing microbes. Biodiversity, 6(4), 240-243. doi: 10.13057/biodiv/do60404.
Zahrim, A. Y., Leong, P. S., Ayisah, S. R., Janaun, J., Chong, K. P., Cooke, F. M., & Haywood, S. K. (2016). Composting paper and grass clippings with anaerobically treated palm oil mill effluent. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 5, 221-230. doi:10.1007%2Fs40093-016-0131-9.
Chin YY, Goeting R, Yabit bin Alas, Shivanand P. 2018. From Fruit Waste to Bioenzymes. Scientia Bruneian, Vol. 17, No. 2. Available on: https://fos.ubd.edu.bn/journal/SciBru-Vol17_2.pdf.
Fauzan F, Fadhil M, Irfan I, Yunita D, Erika C, Lahmer RA. 2022. Study of C/N ratio of organic materials and its application in the production of natural fertilizer (bokashi). IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 951 (2022) 012105. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012105.
Hapsoh, Gusmawartati, Yusuf M. 2014. Effect Various Combination of Organic Waste on Compost Quality. J Trop Soils, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2015: 59-65. doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.1.59.
Idriani YH & Prasetya W. 2017. Cara Mudah dan Cepat Buat Kompos. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya. pp.84.
Indonesian National Standard. 2004. Specifications for Compost from Domestic Organic Waste SNI 19-7-030-2004, National Standard Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia. Available on: https://www.nawasis.org
Lim SH, Baharudin A, Ahmad MN, Md Shah UK, Rahman NAA, Abd-Aziz S, Hassan MA, Shirai Y. 2009. Physicochemical Changes in Widrow, Co-composting Process of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber and Pal Oil Mill Effluent Anaerobic Sludge. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3(3):2809-2816. Available on: http://www.ajbasweb.com.
Ma R, Lie Y, Wang J, Li D, Qi C, Li G, Yuan J. 2022. Effect of Oxygen Levels on Maturity, humification, and Odor Emission During Chicken Manure Composting. Journal of Cleaner Production Vol. 369. article: 33326. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133326.
Mahapatra S, Ali HM, Samal K. 2022. Assessment of compost maturity-stability indices and recent development of composting bin. Energy Nexus Vol.6 (2022) 100062. doi: 10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100062
Monita , Sutjahjo SH, Amin SA, Fahmi MR. 2017. Municipal Organic Waste Recycling Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens). JPSL Vol. 7(3):227-234. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.7.3.227-234.
Nugroho JD. 1994. Litterfall and Soil Characteristics under Plantation of five tree species in Irian Jaya, Indonesia [Thesis]. Los Banos: The Faculty of The Graduate School, University of The Philippines Los Banos. pp.143.
Partanen P, Hultman J, Paulin L, Auvinen P, Romantschuk M. 2010. Bacterial diversity at different stages of the composting process. BMC Microbiology 10 (94):1-11 doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-94
Rynk R, van de Kamp M, Willson GB, Singley ME, Richard TL, Kolega JJ, Gouin FR, Laliberty Jr L, Kay D, Murphy DW, Hoitink HAJ, Brinton WF. 1992. On-farm composting Hand Book. Ithaca, NY: Plant and Sciences Publishing (PALS). pp.186
Singh K, Dhar V, Dhasmana A. 2020. Study the Synergistic Effect of Agro-Waste Compost and Bio-Enzymes on Seed Germination and Plant Growth. East African Scholars J Agri Life Sci. Vol.3 (6): 196-201. doi:10.36349/EASJALS.2020.v03i06.006.
Trisakti B & Sijabat IP. 2020. pH Profile and Volatile Suspended Solids In The Composting Process Of Empty Palm Oil Bunches Using Active Organic Liquid Fertilizer As Co-Composting. Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 9(1):11-15. doi:10.32734/jtk.v9i1.
Vama L, and Cherekar MN. 2020. Production, Extraction, and Uses of Eco-enzyme Using Citrus Fruit Waste: Wealth from Waste. Asian Jr. of Microbiol. Biotech. Env. Sc. Vol. 22 (2): 346-351. Available on: http://www.envirobiotechjournals.com/AJMBES/v22i220/AJM-18.pdf.
Widarti BN, Wardhini WK, Sarwono, E. 2015. Effect of the C/N ratio of raw materials on making compost from cabbage and banana peels. Journal of Process Integration 5(2):75-80. Available on: http://jurnal.untirta.ac.id/index.php/jip.
Widawati S. 2005. The driving force of the fungus activator from the Wamena Biological Garden on the nutrient maturity of the compost, as well as the number of phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen fixing microbes. Biodiversity, 6(4), 240-243. doi: 10.13057/biodiv/do60404.
Zahrim, A. Y., Leong, P. S., Ayisah, S. R., Janaun, J., Chong, K. P., Cooke, F. M., & Haywood, S. K. (2016). Composting paper and grass clippings with anaerobically treated palm oil mill effluent. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 5, 221-230. doi:10.1007%2Fs40093-016-0131-9.
Authors
MardiyonoM. S., NugrohoJ. D. and MassoraM. (2024) “The Effectiveness of Bio-enzymes Made from Fruit Waste and Mixture of Fruit Waste and Chicken Intestinal Content as Composting Activators”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 14(2), p. 288. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.14.2.288.
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