Vertical Garden Identification and Plant Species Diversity of Urban Green Space in Banda Aceh City, Indonesia
Artikel Sidebar
17 December 2023
5 August 2024
Abstrak
Tren berkebun non-horizontal yang disebut “taman vertikal” menerapkan pertumbuhan tanaman pada berbagai media dinding dan/atau permukaan vertikal lainnya. Di Kota Banda Aceh, inovasi penghijauan kota ini mulai menjadi tren karena mendongkrak estetika bangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur jumlah vertical garden yang terdapat di Kota Banda Aceh dan mengkaji preferensi masyarakat terhadap desain dan ragam tanaman yang diaplikasikan pada taman vertikal tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan di 9 kecamatan di Kota Banda Aceh, Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia pada bulan Januari hingga September 2022. Metode penelitian meliputi survei eksploratif ke seluruh kota dengan cara mencatat dan mendokumentasikan taman vertikal di berbagai ruang publik, organisasi swasta dan publik, perumahan penduduk, hotel, tempat ibadah, berbagai bisnis kuliner dan kafetaria. Data preferensi taman dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan metodologi deskriptif, kemudian rumus Shannon-Wiener digunakan untuk menghitung indeks keanekaragaman spesies. Dari total 166 kebun yang terdokumentasi dan 150 sampel lokasi pengamatan taman vertikal ditemukan 66 jenis spesies tanaman yang diaplikasikan. Perumahan adalah lokasi yang paling sering mengaplikasikan taman vertikal. Ficus pumilla (dollar creeper) merupakan tanaman yang paling sering digunakan oleh masyarakat, dan fasad hijau merupakan desain taman yang paling umum diterapkan. Di sembilan kecamatan, indeks keanekaragaman tertinggi terdapat di Kecamatan Syiah Kuala dengan H' 2,9 dan indeks keanekaragaman terendah terdapat di Kecamatan Kuta Raja dengan H' 1,2. Berdasarkan fungsi tumbuhan: 44 jenis tumbuhan merupakan tanaman hias, 13 jenis tanaman berbunga, 7 jenis tanaman berbuah, dan 3 jenis tanaman herba.
Referensi
Achmad A, Sari LH & Ramli I. 2019. A Study Of Urban Heat Island of Banda Aceh City, Indonesia Based on Land Use/Cover Change and Land Surface Temperature. Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology, 8(1): 41-51.
Amin N, Hasanuddin, Djufri. 2014. Potensi Tumbuhan di Hutan Kota Banda Aceh dalam Mereduksi Emisi CO2. Jurnal EduBio Tropika, 2(2): 187-250.
Arifin HS. 1998. Study on Vegetation Structure of Pekarangan and Its Change Its West Java, Indonesia [dissertation]. Japan: Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University.
Bakar NIA, Mansor M & Harun NZ. 2013. Approaching Vertical Greenery as Public Art: A Review on Potentials in Urban Malaysia. Architecture & Environment, 12(1): 1-26.
BPS. 2020. https://bandaacehkota.bps.go.id/statictable/2020/06/17/26/nama- ibukota- kecamatan-dan-luas-wilayah-ibukota-menurut-kecamatan-di-kota- banda-aceh-2019.html. Accessed D in May 28th 2021, 12.31 WIB.
Krols J & Somers B. 2022. Residential Green Space, Gardening, and Subjective Well-being : A Cross-sectional Study of Garden Owners in Northern Belgium. Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol.223: 1-10.
Laloan YRY, Prijadi R, Moniaga IL. 2014. Apartemen Di Manado “Penerapan Konsep Vertical Garden”. Skripsi. Manado: Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, UNSRAT: 10-18.
Lehmann S. 2014. Low Carbon District: Mitigating the Urban Heat Island with Green Roof Infrastructure. City, Culture & Society, Vol. 5: 1-8.
Lotfi YA, Refaat M, El Ataar M & Salam AA. 2020. Vertical Garden as Restorative Tool in Urban Spaces of New Cairo. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, Vol. 11(3): 839-848.
Lu H & Ryan RL. 2022. The Influence of Policy design on Club Good Provisions: A Study of for-profit Shopping Mall Roof Gardens in Shanghai. Land Use Policy, 121: 1-9.
Maru R. 2015. Urban Heat Island dan Upaya Penanganannya. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Mikrobiologi Kesehatan dan Lingkungan, Makassar 29 Januari 2015.
Naf MZT & Hernawati R. 2018. Analisisi Fenomeda UHI (Urban Heat Island) Berdasarkan Hubungan Antara Kerapatan Vegetasi dengan Suhu Permukaan. ITB Indonesian Journal of Geospatial, Vol. 5(1): 25-36.
Narendreswari AR, Trisnowati S & Irwan SNR. 2014. Kajian Fungsi Tanaman Lanskap di Jalur Hijau Jalan Laksda Adisucipto, Urip Sumoharjo, dan Jenderal Sudirman Yogyakarta. Vegetalika, Vol. 3(1): 1-11.
Nur IJ, Sarker MH, Hossain T, Ferdous T, Rahman A, Iqbal B, Helal MGJ & Hossain MF. 2022. Evaluation of Ecosystem Services of Rootops Gardens in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, Vol. 4: 1-13.
Omayio D & Mzungu E. 2019. Modification of Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index towards Quantitative Estimation of Environmental Wellness and Biodiversity Levels under a Non-comparative Scenario. Journal of Environmental and Earth Science, Vol. 9 (9): 46-57.
Pranoto SM. 2008. Multilevel Green Area: Solusi Terhadap Global Warming dan High Energy Building. Jurnal Rekayasa Perencanaan, Vol. 4(3): 1-15
Prihandono A. 2010. Penyediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) Menurut UU No. 26/2007 Tentang Penataan Ruang dan Fenomena Kebijakan Penyediaan RTH di Daerah. Jurnal Pemukiman, Vol. 5(1): 13-23.
Tim P2KH Kota Banda Aceh. 2012. Masterplan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) Kota Banda Aceh 2029. Banda Aceh: Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kebersihan dan Keindahan Kota Banda Aceh.
Rosenzweig C, Solecki W, Parshall L, Gaffin S, Lynn B, Goldberg R, Cox J & Hodges S. 2006. Mitigating New York City’s Heat Island With Urban Forestry, Living Roofs, and Light Surfaces. Article. Columbia University Hunter College, NewYork, NY. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242139673_Mitigating_New_York_City's_heat_island_with_urban_forestry_living_roofs_and_light_surfaces.
Safikhani T, Abdullah AM, Ossen DR, Baharvand M. 2014. Thermal Impacts of Vertical Greenery Systems. Enviromental and Climate Technologies, doi: 10.1515/rtuec-2014-0007: 5-11.
Sharma P. 2015. Vertical Gardens – An Innovative Element of Green Building Technology. Department of Civil Engineering, Amity School of Engineering & Technology: 42-48.
Urrestarazu LP, Fernandez-Canero F, Franco-Salas A, Egea G. 2016. Vertical Greening System and Sustainable Cities. Journal of Urban Technology 2016: 1-19.
Utami SNH & Jayadi R. 2012. Vertical Gardening for Vegetables. Porc. First IS on Sustainable Vegetable Production in South East Asia.: 195-122.
Widiastuti R, Prianto E, Budi WS. 2014. Evaluasi Termal Dinding Bangunan dengan Vertical Garden. Jurnal PPKM UNSIQ I 2014: 1-1.
Zar, HJ. 2010. “Biostatical analysis”, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Penulis
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
