Evaluation of the Air Pollutant Standard Index (ISPU) parameter concentration limits in industrial estates on Java Island
Abstract
Due to the harmful effects of air pollution on health, outdoor air pollution standards are getting stricter. Because of environmental changes, the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 14/2020 must reevaluate the concentration limits for ISPU parameters. This study aimed to examine the concentration ranges and ISPU values for SO2, NO2, CO, O3, and PM10 in industrial estates on Java Island, and set concentration limits for five relevant ISPU parameters based on the results of monitoring, sampling, and toxicity studies. A drop in the average concentration of the five ISPU parameters in 2022 compared to monitoring from 2015 to 2019 shows that the air quality in industrial estates on Java Island is improving. The ISPU values between 10 and 56 are in the good-to-moderate range, which means that the air quality is still good enough for the health of humans, animals, and plants. The relevant concentration limit recommendations for ISPU in good-to-moderate categories for SO2, NO2, CO, O3, and PM10 were 42–77 μg/Nm3, 29–120 μg/Nm3, 3519–5037 μg/Nm3, 33–97 μg/Nm3, and 29–82 μg/Nm3, respectively. The results of this study can be used to improve Indonesia’s ambient air quality index system (ISPU).
References
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[Permen] Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 14 Tahun 2020 tentang Indeks Standar Pencemaran Udara. 2020.
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Rosario L, Francesco SP. 2016. Analysis and characterization of the predominant pollutants in the Catania’s air quality monitoring stations. Energy Procedia. 101:337-344. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.11.043.
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Tao Y, Huang W, Huang X, Zhong L, Lu SE, Li Y, Dai L, Zhang Y, Zhu T. 2012. Estimated acute effects of ambient ozone and nitrogen dioxide on mortality in the Pearl River Delta of southern China. Environ Health Perspect. 120(3):393-398. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1103715.
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Wing SE, Bandoli G, Telesca D, Su JG, Ritz B. 2018. Chronic exposure to inhaled, traffic-related nitrogen dioxide and a blunted cortisol response in adolescents. Environ Res. 163:201-207. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.011.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2016. Ambient Air Pollution: A Global Assessment of Exposure and Burden of Disease. Geneva (CH): WHO.
Andriani R, Yuwono AS, Hariyadi S. 2018. Evaluation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration and calculation in Indonesian air pollution indexing system. IJLTET. 10(4):31-36. doi:10.21172/1.104.07.
Bari A, Curran RLT, Kindzierski. 2015. Field performance evaluation of Maxxam passive samplers for regional monitoring of ambient SO2, NO2, and O3 concentrations in Alberta, Canada. Atmospheric Environment. 114:39-47. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.031.
Belanger K, Holford TR, Gent JF, Hill ME, Kezik JM, Leaderer BP. 2013. Household levels of nitrogen dioxide and pediatric asthma severity. Epidemiology. 24(2):320-330. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e318280e2ac.
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2017. Statistik Indonesia 2017. Jakarta (ID): BPS.
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2022. Statistik Indonesia 2022. Jakarta (ID): BPS.
Brown JS. 2015. Nitrogen dioxide exposure and airway responsiveness in individuals with asthma. Inhal Toxicol. 27(1):1-14. doi: 10.3109/08958378.2014.979960.
Chen TM, Gokhale J, Shofer S, Kuschner WG. 2007. Outdoor air pollution: nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide health effects. Am J Med Sci. 333(4):249-256. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31803b900f.
Consonni D, Carugno M, Matteis SD, Nordio F, Randi G, Bazzano M, Caporaso NE, Tucker MA, Bertazzi PA, Pesatori AC, et al. 2018. Outdoor particulate matter (PM10) exposure and lung cancer risk in the EAGLE study. PLoS One. 13(9):e0203539. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203539.
Darmawan R. 2018. Analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan kadar NO2 serta keluhan kesehatan petugas pemungut karcis tol. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan. 10(1):116-126.
Dashdendev B, Fukushima LK, Woo MS, Ganbaatar E, Warburton D. 2011. Carbon monoxide pollution and lung function in urban compared with rural Mongolian children. Respirology. 16(4):653-658. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.01958.x.
Gaffin JM, Hauptman M, Petty CR, Sheehan WJ, Lai PS, Wolfson JM, Gold DR, Coull BA, Koutrakis P, Phipatanakul W. 2018. Nitrogen dioxide exposure in school classrooms of inner-city children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 141(6):2249-2255.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.028.
Ghozikali MG, Mosaferi M, Safari GH, Jaafari J. 2015. Effect of exposure to O₃, NO₂, and SO₂ on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalizations in Tabriz, Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 22(4):2817-2823. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3512-5.
Ghozikali MG, Heibati B, Naddafi K, Kloog I, Conti GO, Polosa R, Ferrante M. 2016. Evaluation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) attributed to atmospheric O3, NO2, and SO2 using Air Q Model (2011-2012 year). Environ Res.144(Pt A):99-105. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.030.
Gorai AK, Kanchan, Upadhyay A, Tuluri F, Goyal P, Tchounwou PB. 2015. An innovative approach for determination of air quality health index. Sci Total Environ. 533:495-505. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.133.
Gorai AK, Tuluri F, Tchounwou PB. 2014. A GIS-based approach for assessing the association between air pollution and asthma in New York state, USA. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 11(5):4845-4869. doi:10.3390/ijerph110504845.
Khan RR, Siddiqui MJA. 2014. Review on effects of particulates, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide on human health. Int Res J Environment Sci. 3(4):70-73.
Kim SY, Song I. 2017. National-scale exposure prediction for long-term concentrations of particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide in South Korea. Environ Pollut. 226:21-29. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.056.
[KLHK] Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. 2020. Statistik Kualitas Air, Udara, dan Tutupan Lahan Tahun 2019. Jakarta (ID): Ditjen PPKL KLHK.
Li L, Lin GZ, Liu HZ, Guo Y, Ou CQ, Chen PY. 2015. Can the air pollution index be used to communicate the health risks of air pollution? Environ Pollut. 205:153-160. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.05.038.
Li H, Wu J, Wang A, Li X, Chen S, Wang T, Amsalu E, Gao Q, Luo Y, Yang X, et al. 2018. Effects of ambient carbon monoxide on daily hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease: a time-stratified case-crossover study of 460.938 cases in Beijing, China from 2013 to 2017. Environ Health. 17(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12940-018-0429-3.
Nhung NTT, Schindler C, Dien TM, Probst-Hensch N, Perez L, Künzli N. 2018. Acute effects of ambient air pollution on lower respiratory infections in Hanoi children: An eight-year time series study. Environ Int. 110:139-148. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.024.
Orellano P, Reynoso J, Quaranta N, Bardach A, Ciapponi A. 2020. Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Int. 142:105876. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105876.
Paramitadevi YV, Yuwono AS, Widyarti M. 2014. Simulation and validation of carbon monoxide dispersion model in the vicinity of Baranangsiang toll gates in Bogor. J Appl Environ Biol Sci. 4(6):110-117.
Paulin LM, Williams D'L, Peng R, Diette GB, McCormack MC, Breysse P, Hansel NN. 2017. 24-h Nitrogen dioxide concentration is associated with cooking behaviors and an increase in rescue medication use in children with asthma. Environ Res. 159:118-123. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.052.
[Permen] Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 14 Tahun 2020 tentang Indeks Standar Pencemaran Udara. 2020.
Physick W, Powell J, Cope M, Boast K, Lee S. 2011. Measurements of personal exposure to NO2 and modeling using ambient concentrations and activity data. Atmospheric Environment. 45(12):2095-2102. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.063.
Rendana M, Komariah LN. 2021. The relationship between air pollutants and COVID-19 cases and large-scale social restriction’s impact on the air quality in Jakarta, Indonesia. JPSL. 11(1): 93-100. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.11.1.93-100.
Rosario L, Francesco SP. 2016. Analysis and characterization of the predominant pollutants in the Catania’s air quality monitoring stations. Energy Procedia. 101:337-344. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.11.043.
Roy P, Singh G, Pal AK. 2010. Air quality depreciation index in a coal mining area-a case study from eastern India. Journal of American Science. 6(5):107-114.
Rushayati SB, Hermawan R, Setiawan Y, Wijayanto AK, Prasetyo LB, Permatasari PA. 2020. The effect of utilization patterns of green open space on the dynamics change of air quality due to the Covid-19 pandemic in Jabodetabek region. JPSL. 10(4): 559-567. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.10.4.559-567.
Saki H, Goudarzi G, Jalali S, Barzegar G, Farhadi M, Parseh I, Geravandi S, Salmanzadeh S, Yousefi F, Mohammadi MJ. 2019. Study of relationship between nitrogen dioxide and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Bushehr, Iran. CEGH. 8(2):446-449. doi: 10.1016/j.cegh.2019.10.006.
Shrivastava RK, Neeta S, Geeta G. 2013. Air pollution due to road transportation in India: a review on assessment and reduction strategies. J Environ Res Dev. 8(1):69-77.
Tao Y, Huang W, Huang X, Zhong L, Lu SE, Li Y, Dai L, Zhang Y, Zhu T. 2012. Estimated acute effects of ambient ozone and nitrogen dioxide on mortality in the Pearl River Delta of southern China. Environ Health Perspect. 120(3):393-398. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1103715.
Wang L, Liu C, Meng X, Niu Y, Lin Z, Liu Y, Liu J, Qi J, You J, Tse LA, et al. 2018. Associations between short-term exposure to ambient sulfur dioxide and increased cause-specific mortality in 272 Chinese cities. Environ Int. 117:33-39. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.019.
Wing SE, Bandoli G, Telesca D, Su JG, Ritz B. 2018. Chronic exposure to inhaled, traffic-related nitrogen dioxide and a blunted cortisol response in adolescents. Environ Res. 163:201-207. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.011.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2016. Ambient Air Pollution: A Global Assessment of Exposure and Burden of Disease. Geneva (CH): WHO.
Authors
AlusvigayanaP., YuwonoA. S., YaniM. and SyarwanS. (2023) “Evaluation of the Air Pollutant Standard Index (ISPU) parameter concentration limits in industrial estates on Java Island”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 13(4), pp. 537-548. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.13.4.537-548.
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