Modeling The Habitat Suitability of Dare Monkey (Macaca maura Hr Schinz 1825) in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi
Abstrak
Pulau Sulawesi merupakan pusat wilayah Wallacea yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati tinggi dan dihuni oleh beberapa spesies tumbuhan dan hewan endemik baik flora maupun fauna, salah satunya satwa primata monyet dare (Macaca maura HR Schinz 1825). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian habitat dan pengaruh variabel lingkungan terhadap habitat monyet dare di kawasan Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membangun model pendekatan distribusi spesies menggunakan Maxent ver. 3.4.4. yang dapat membantu melakukan analisis model kesesuaian habitat dalam skala luas dengan cara mengolah data kehadiran spesies dan variabel lingkungan yang diduga memengaruhi kehadiran spesies.
Hasil pengolahan data dalam membangun model kesesuaian habitat untuk monyet dare, didapatkan data kehadiran spesies sebanyak 191 titik. Sedangkan variabel lingkungan yang digunakan berupa tutupan lahan, ketinggian, kelerengan, suhu, jarak dari sungai, jarak dari jalan, dan jarak dari areal pertanian.
Hasil analisis jackknife pada variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap hasil model menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berkontribusi tinggi adalah variabel tutupan lahan (Bio_5) kemudian diikuti, jarak dari jalan (Bio_1), jarak dari areal pertanian (Bio_4) dan jarak dari sungai (Bio_2). Besaran persentase kontribusi variabel lingkungan terhadap keberadaan monyet dare yakni tutupan lahan (35,1%), jarak dari jalan (32,2%), jarak dari areal pertanian (13,1%), jarak dari sungai (12,1%), kelerengan (3,6%), ketinggian (2,6%) dan suhu (1,3%).
Nilai AUC model kesesuaian habitat monyet dare sebesar 0,893 dengan standar deviasi ±0,015, merupakan model prediksi yang layak (reasonable predictions) dengan luas areal habitat yang sesuai 138,43 km2 (20%) dan yang tidak sesuai 538,44 km2 (80%). Luas areal habitat yang sesuai terbagi atas 3 yakni kelas kesesuaian rendah 90,11 km2 (65%), kelas kesesuaian sedang 25,58 km2 (18%) dan kelas kesesuaian tinggi 22,74 km2 (16%). Rendahnya luas areal habitat yang sesuai dibanding habitat yang tidak sesuai, serta besarnya luas areal kesesuaian rendah dibanding sedang dan tinggi, dapat menggambarkan bahwa ancaman dari keberadaan monyet dare masih tergolong tinggi.
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